Being and Nothingness: A Phenomenological Essay on Ontology
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A monumental work of the twentieth century, Being and Nothingness is the fullest expression of Jean-Paul Sartre's philosophy of existentialism. First published in 1943, this masterpiece still defines and expresses the modern condition, and holds great relevance for contemporary readers. Existentialism rejects the Cartesian duality of mind and matter, as well as supernatural authority, and claims instead that "being" comes before "knowing," and that each individual creates his own nature. Each person must overcome angst and choose to act in a passionate and authentic manner. Morality and truth can only be discovered in conscious individual choice and action. Included is a key to special terminology, both the technical terms coined by Sartre and familiar words to which he assigned special meanings.
Translator's PrefaceviiTranslator's IntroductionviiiIntroduction: The Pursuit of BeingxlvPart 1The Problem of NothingnessChapter 1The Origin of Negation3I.The Question3II.Negations6III.The Dialectical Concept of Nothingness12IV.The Phenomenological Concept of Nothingness16V.The Origin of Nothingness21Part 2Being-for-ItselfChapter 1Immediate Structures of the For-Itself49I.Presence to Self49II.The Facticity of the For-Itself55III.The For-Itself and the Being of Value60IV.The For-Itself and the Being of Possibilities71V.The Self and the Circuit of Selfness78Chapter 2Temporality83I.Phenomenology of the Three Temporal Dimensions83II.The Ontology of Temporality106III.Original Temporality and Psychic Temporality: Reflection126Chapter 3Transcendence147I.Knowledge as a Type of Relation Between the For-Itself and the In-Itself148II.Determination as Negation156III.Quality and Quantity Potentiality, Instrumentality162IV.The Time of the World180V.Knowledge192Part 3Being-for-OthersChapter 1The Existence of Others197I.The Problem197II.The Reef of Solipsism199III.Husserl, Hegel, Heidegger209IV.The Look228Chapter 2The Body279I.The Body as Being-For-Itself: Facticity282II.The Body-For-Others315III.The Third Ontological Dimension of the Body327Chapter 3Concrete Relations With Others337I.First Attitude Toward Others: Love, Language, Masochism340II.Second Attitude Toward Others: Indifference, Desire, Hate, Sadism355III."Being-With" (Mitsein) and the "We"389Part 4Having, Doing and BeingChapter 1Being and Doing: Freedom409I.Freedom: The First Condition of Action409II.Freedom and Facticity: The Situation457III.Freedom and Responsibility529ConclusionI.In-Itself and For-Itself: Metaphysical Implications535II.Ethical Implications543Key to Special Terminology547
