Black Canadians: History, Experience, Social Conditions
Racial equality cannot be achieved, argues Mensah, as long as historical and contemporary inequalities remain obscured. Using a multidisciplinary perspective-drawn from sociology, geography, economics, political economy, cultural studies and philosophy-this book examines the history, experiences and social conditions of Black Canadians and reveals the persistence of structural racism in many spheres of life, particularly in employment housing , education, and sports. This book is an...
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For researchers seeking detailed information about the black diaspora in North America, this authoritative reference provides more than 300 years of black Canadian history, from the first migration of slaves, black loyalists, and Civil War refugees to the expansive movement brought about by the establishment of the point system in 1967. Venturing beyond established orthodoxies and simplistic solutions to discuss contentious ethno-racial problems in Canada, this critique addresses housing, the labor market, sports management, and race and ethnic relations. This new edition expands the regional coverage of black history, updates all the statistics with the 2006 census data, and adds important new material on multiculturalism and employment equity.
Acknowledgements ix\ 1 The Black Presence in Canada: A Multidisciplinary Perspective 1\ Objective of the Book 5\ Empirical and Theoretical Considerations 6\ Organization of the Book 9\ Notes 11\ 2 Conceptual Background 13\ ?Race? and Related Concepts 13\ ?Ethnicity? and Related Concepts 19\ The Concepts of ?Black? and ?Visible Minority? 22\ The Origins of Racial Antagonism 25\ Racial Antagonism and Capitalism: The Enduring Debate 27\ Racial Doctrines 30\ Racism, Slavery, Colonialism, and Christianity: The Quadruple Web 33\ Canada and the Black Societies of Africa and the Caribbean 39\ Conclusion 41\ Notes 43\ 3 The History of Blacks in Canada 45\ Slavery and the Early Settlement of Blacks in Canada 46\ Settlement in Atlantic and Central Canada 46\ Settlement in Western Canada 53\ Conclusion 56\ Notes 57\ 4 The Geography of Blacks in Canada: Immigration and Spatial Distribution 59\ Theories of International Migration 61\ International Refugee Movements 64\ Black Immigration to Canada: Underlying Factors 67\ Blacks and Canada's Immigration Policy 69\ The Spatial Distribution of Blacks 78\ ...across Canadian Provinces and Territories 80\ ...across Major Canadian Cities 82\ Entanglements of Race, Space, and Class 90\ Conclusion 92\ Notes 92\ 5 Profiles of Selected Black Groups in Canada 95\ Blacks in Contemporary Nova Scotia 95\ Black Immigrant Groups in Canada 100\ Leading Sources of Caribbean Immigrants 100\ Jamaican Immigrants in Canada 104\ Haitian Immigrants in Canada 111\ Leading Sources of African Immigrants in Canada 118\ Ghanaian Immigrants in Canada 122\ Somali Immigrants in Canada 129\ Conclusion 136\ Notes 138\ 6 Blacks and the Canadian Labour Market 139\ The Human Capital Theory 140\ The Marxist Perspective 141\ Labour Market Segmentation Theories 145\ The Vertical Mosaic Thesis 146\ Labour Market Characteristics of Blacks in Canada 150\ Black Women and the Canadian Labour Market 159\ The Plight of Blacks in the Canadian Labour Market 163\ Conclusion 182\ Notes 183\ 7 Blacks in Canadian Sport: Issues, Controversies, and Paradigm Shifts 185\ Blacks' Historical Involvement in Canadian Sport 185\ Stacking and Other Racial Manoeuvres in Sport 191\ The Canadian Athlete Assistance Program (AAP) 194\ Are Blacks Naturally Superior in Sport? 196\ Conclusion 207\ Notes 209\ 8 Official Multiculturalism and Blacks 211\ Multiculturalism in Canada 212\ Arguments For and Against Official Multiculturalism 216\ The Case for Multiculturalism from the Perspectives of Blacks 234\ Notes 237\ Employment Equity and Blacks in Canada 240\ Origins and Provisions 240\ Underlying Assumptions and Concepts 242\ Claims and Counter-claims 245\ Conclusion 258\ Notes 262\ Bibliography 263\ Index 288
