CCNA Portable Command Guide (CCNA Self-Study)

ContentsIntroduction xxiPart I TCP/IP Version 4 1Chapter 1 How to Subnet 3Class A—E Addresses 3Converting Between Decimal Numbers and Binary 4Subnetting a Class C Network Using Binary 4Subnetting a Class B Network Using Binary 8Binary ANDing 12So Why AND? 14Shortcuts in Binary ANDing 15The Enhanced Bob Maneuver for Subnetting 16Chapter 2 VLSM 21IP Subnet Zero 21VLSM Example 22Step 1 Determine How Many H Bits Will Be Needed toSatisfy the Largest Network 22Step 2 Pick a Subnet for the Largest Network to Use 23Step 3 Pick the Next Largest Network to Work With 24Step 4 Pick the Third Largest Network to Work With 26Step 5 Determine Network Numbers for Serial Links 27Chapter 3 Route Summarization 29Example for Understanding Route Summarization 29Step 1: Summarize Winnipeg’s Routes 30Step 2: Summarize Calgary’s Routes 31Step 3: Summarize Edmonton’s Routes 31Step 4: Summarize Vancouver’s Routes 32Route Summarization and Route Flapping 34Requirements for Route Summarization 34Part II Introduction to Cisco Devices 35Chapter 4 Cables and Connections 37Connecting a Rollover Cable to Your Router or Switch 37Terminal Settings 37LAN Connections 38Serial Cable Types 39Which Cable to Use? 41568A Versus 568B Cables 42Chapter 5 The Command-Line Interface 45Shortcuts for Entering Commands 45Using the Tab Key to Complete Commands 45Using the Question Mark for Help 46enable Command 46exit Command 47disable Command 47logout Command 47Setup Mode 47Keyboard Help 48History Commands 49show Commands 49Part III Configuring a Router 51Chapter 6 Configuring a Single Cisco Router 53Router Modes 53Entering Global Configuration Mode 54Configuring a Router Name 54Configuring Passwords 54Password Encryption 55Interface Names 56Moving Between Interfaces 58Configuring a Serial Interface 59Configuring a Fast Ethernet Interface 59Creating a Message-of-the-Day Banner 60Creating a Login Banner 60Setting the Clock Time Zone 60Assigning a Local Host Name to an IP Address 61The no ip domain-lookup Command 61The logging synchronous Command 61The exec-timeout Command 62Saving Configurations 62Erasing Configurations 62show Commands 63EXEC Commands in Configuration Mode: The do Command 64Configuration Example: Basic Router Configuration 64Part IV Routing 67Chapter 7 Static Routing 69Configuring a Static Route on a Router 69The permanent Keyword (Optional) 70Static Routes and Administrative Distance (Optional) 70Configuring a Default Route on a Router 71Verifying Static Routes 72Configuration Example: Static Routes 72Chapter 8 RIP 75The ip classless Command 75RIP Routing: Mandatory Commands 75RIP Routing: Optional Commands 76Troubleshooting RIP Issues 77Configuration Example: RIPv2 Routing 78Chapter 9 EIGRP 81Configuring Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) 81EIGRP Auto-Summarization 82Load Balancing: variance 83Bandwidth Use 84Authentication 84Verifying EIGRP 86Troubleshooting EIGRP 86Configuration Example: EIGRP 87Chapter 10 Single Area OSPF 91Configuring OSPF: Mandatory Commands 91Using Wildcard Masks with OSPF Areas 92Configuring OSPF: Optional Commands 93Loopback Interfaces 93Router ID 94DR/BDR Elections 94Modifying Cost Metrics 95Authentication: Simple 95Authentication: Using MD5 Encryption 96Timers 96Propagating a Default Route 96Verifying OSPF Configuration 97Troubleshooting OSPF 98Configuration Example: Single Area OSPF 98Part V Switching 103Chapter 11Configuring a Switch 105Help Commands 105Command Modes 105Verifying Commands 106Resetting Switch Configuration 107Setting Host Names 107Setting Passwords 107Setting IP Addresses and Default Gateways 108Setting Interface Descriptions 108Setting Duplex Operation 109Setting Operation Speed 109Managing the MAC Address Table 109Configuring Static MAC Addresses 109Switch Port Security 110Verifying Switch Port Security 111Sticky MAC Addresses 112Configuration Example 113Chapter 12 VLANs 117Creating Static VLANs 117Using VLAN Configuration Mode 117Using VLAN Database Mode 118Assigning Ports to VLANs 118Using the range Command 119Verifying VLAN Information 119Saving VLAN Configurations 119Erasing VLAN Configurations 120Configuration Example: VLANs 121Chapter 13 VLAN Trunking Protocol and Inter-VLAN Routing 125Dynamic Trunking Protocol (DTP) 125Setting the Encapsulation Type 126VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP) 127Using Global Configuration Mode 127Using VLAN Database Mode 128Verifying VTP 130Inter-VLAN Communication Using an External Router: Router-on-a-Stick 130Inter-VLAN Communication Tips 131Configuration Example: Inter-VLAN Communication 132Chapter 14 STP and EtherChannel 139Spanning Tree Protocol 139Enabling Spanning Tree Protocol 139Configuring the Root Switch 140Configuring a Secondary Root Switch 141Configuring Port Priority 141Configuring the Path Cost 142Configuring the Switch Priority of a VLAN 142Configuring STP Timers 143Verifying STP 143Optional STP Configurations 144Changing the Spanning-Tree Mode 145Extended System ID 146Enabling Rapid Spanning Tree 146Troubleshooting Spanning Tree 147Configuration Example: STP 147EtherChannel 150Interface Modes in EtherChannel 151Guidelines for Configuring EtherChannel 151Configuring Layer 2 EtherChannel 152Verifying EtherChannel 152Configuration Example: EtherChannel 153Part VI Extending the LAN 159Chapter 15 Implementing a Wireless LAN 161Wireless Access Point Configuration: Linksys 300N Access Point 161Wireless Client Configuration: Linksys Wireless-N Notebook Adapter 174Part VII Network Administration and Troubleshooting 183Chapter 16 Backing Up and Restoring Cisco IOS Software andConfigurations 185Boot System Commands 185The Cisco IOS File System 186Backing Up Configurations to a TFTP Server 186Restoring Configurations from a TFTP Server 187Backing Up the Cisco IOS Software to a TFTP Server 188Restoring/Upgrading the Cisco IOS Software from a TFTP Server 188Restoring the Cisco IOS Software from ROM Monitor Mode Using Xmodem 189Restoring the Cisco IOS Software Using the ROM MonitorEnvironmental Variables and tftpdnld Command 192Chapter 17 Password-Recovery Procedures and the Configuration Register 193The Configuration Register 193A Visual Representation 193What the Bits Mean 194The Boot Field 194Console Terminal Baud Rate Settings 195Changing the Console Line Speed: CLI 195Changing the Console Line Speed: ROM MonitorMode 195Password-Recovery Procedures for Cisco Routers 196Password Recovery for 2960 Series Switches 198Chapter 18 Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) 201Cisco Discovery Protocol 201Chapter 19 Telnet and SSH 203Using Telnet to Remotely Connect to Other Devices 203Configuring the Secure Shell Protocol (SSH) 205Chapter 20 The ping and traceroute Commands 207ICMP Redirect Messages 207The ping Command 207Examples of Using the ping and the Extended pingCommands 208The traceroute Command 209Chapter 21 SNMP and Syslog 211Configuring SNMP 211Configuring Syslog 211Chapter 22 Basic Troubleshooting 213Viewing the Routing Table 213Determining the Gateway of Last Resort 214Determining the Last Routing Update 214OSI Layer 3 Testing 214OSI Layer 7 Testing 215Interpreting the show interface Command 215Clearing Interface Counters 215Using CDP to Troubleshoot 216The traceroute Command 216The show controllers Command 216debug Commands 216Using Time Stamps 217Operating System IP Verification Commands 217The ip http server Command 217The netstat Command 218Part VIII Managing IP Services 219Chapter 23 Network Address Translation 221Private IP Addresses: RFC 1918 221Configuring Dynamic NAT: One Private toOne Public Address Translation 221Configuring PAT: Many Private to One Public AddressTranslation 223Configuring Static NAT: One Private to One PermanentPublic Address Translation 226Verifying NAT and PAT Configurations 227Troubleshooting NAT and PAT Configurations 227Configuration Example: PAT 228Chapter 24 DHCP 231Configuring DHCP 231Verifying and Troubleshooting DHCP Configuration 232Configuring a DHCP Helper Address 232DHCP Client on a Cisco IOS Software Ethernet Interface 233Configuration Example: DHCP 233Chapter 25 IPv6 237Assigning IPv6 Addresses to Interfaces 237IPv6 and RIPng 238Configuration Example: IPv6 RIP 239IPv6 Tunnels: Manual Overlay Tunnel 241Static Routes in IPv6 244Floating Static Routes in IPv6 245Verifying and Troubleshooting IPv6 245IPv6 Ping 247Part IX WANs 249Chapter 26 HDLC and PPP 251Configuring HDLC Encapsulation on a Serial Line 251Configuring PPP on a Serial Line (Mandatory Commands) 251Configuring PPP on a Serial Line (Optional Commands): Compression 252Configuring PPP on a Serial Line (Optional Commands): Link Quality 252Configuring PPP on a Serial Line (Optional Commands): Multilink 252Configuring PPP on a Serial Line (Optional Commands): Authentication 252Verifying or Troubleshooting a Serial Link/PPPEncapsulation 253Configuration Example: PPP 254Chapter 27 Frame Relay 257Configuring Frame Relay 257Setting the Frame Relay Encapsulation Type 257Setting the Frame Relay Encapsulation LMI Type 258Setting the Frame Relay DLCI Number 258Configuring a Frame Relay map Statement 258Configuring a Description of the Interface (Optional) 259Configuring Frame Relay Using Subinterfaces 259Verifying Frame Relay 260Troubleshooting Frame Relay 260Configuration Examples: Frame Relay 260Part X Network Security 267Chapter 28 IP Access Control List Security 269Access List Numbers 269Using Wildcard Masks 270ACL Keywords 270Creating Standard ACLs 271Applying Standard ACLs to an Interface 272Verifying ACLs 273Removing ACLs 273Creating Extended ACLs 273Applying Extended ACLs to an Interface 275The established Keyword (Optional) 275Creating Named ACLs 276Using Sequence Numbers in Named ACLs 276Removing Specific Lines in Named ACLs Using Sequence Numbers 277Sequence Number Tips 278Including Comments About Entries in ACLs 278Restricting Virtual Terminal Access 279Configuration Examples: ACLs 279Chapter 29 Security Device Manager 283Security Device Manager: Connecting with CLI 283Security Device Manager: Connecting with GUI 285SDM Express Wizard with No CLI Preconfiguration 287Resetting the Router to Factory Defaults Using SDM 297SDM User Interfaces 298Configuring Interfaces Using SDM 298Configuring Routing Using SDM 302SDM Monitor Mode 304Using SDM to Configure a Router to Act as a DHCP Server 305Using SDM to Configure an Interface as a DHCP Client 307Using SDM to Configure NAT/PAT 312What to Do If You Lose SDM Connectivity Because of an erase startup-config Command 314Part XI Appendixes 315Appendix A Binary/Hex/Decimal Conversion Chart 317Appendix B Create Your Own Journal Here 329