Series ForewordPreface1Finding Hope Among the Hopeless12The Social Context and Its Impact on Inner-City Schooling233The Role of Schools in Reducing Racial Inequality: Closing the Achievement Gap424Unequal Outcomes, Unequal Opportunities: Closing the Achievement Gap in Berkeley595Segregation, Poverty, and Limits of Local Control: Oakland as a Case Study826The Culture of Violence and the Need for Safety in Schools1037Conclusion: What It Will Take to Improve America's Urban Public Schools142Notes159References167Index177About the Author189