Crashes and Collapses
Essentials of Forensic Science is a seven-volume set that explores a number of significant aspects of the field, from its inception to its application in the modern laboratory and courtroom. From its roots in the Middle Ages and farther back to ancient Greece, forensic science, past, present, and future, is provided an intriguing overview in this informative set.
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Essentials of Forensic Science is a seven-volume set that explores a number of significant aspects of the field, from its inception to its application in the modern laboratory and courtroom. From its roots in the Middle Ages and farther back to ancient Greece, forensic science, past, present, and future, is provided an intriguing overview in this informative set.
Preface xiAcknowledgments xvIntroduction xvii1 History and Guiding Principles of Forensic Engineering Science 1Archimedes (287-212 B.C.E.): Einstein and Edison in Ancient Greece 1Units Systems and Dimensions 6Richard B. Feynman Meets the Challenger Commission 10Resolving Legal Disputes 15Mechanics of Modern Law 18Modern Civil and Criminal Trials 20Confusion about Verdicts 21Eyewitnesses and the Harm That They Can Do 232 Accident Reconstruction: Getting Started 26The Hit-and-Run 29Perception-Reaction Time 39Placing the Hit-and-Run Vehicle 42Back to Basics 45Galileo Galilei (1564-1642): One of Newton's Giants 47Dimensions and Acceleration 51Velocity 54Mass 57Coefficient of Friction 59Measuring the Coefficient of Friction 64Static versus Sliding Friction and Antilock Brake Systems 67Summing Up 683 Accident Reconstruction: Moving Into High Gear 70How to Read Equations 71Smart Car Mystery 72Total Stations 74Fall Formula 79More Dimensions 84Applications of the Fall Formula 85More Newton's Laws 86Newton's Third Law 87Conservation of Momentum 92Energy and Conservation of Energy 97Work 103Revisiting the Skid-to-a-Stop Formula 106Revisiting the Smart Car Case 107Signature Marks 109Electric-Light Filaments and What They Record 113"Black Boxes" and What They Record 1144 Speed From Critical - Speed Scuffs 120Inertial Force: Linear Effects 122Inertial Forces: Circular Effects 124Centripetal Acceleration 127Confirmation of Universal Gravitation 132Critical-Speed-Scuff Formula 135Applying the Critical-Speed Formula 142Measuring theRadius of Curvature 143A Key Assumption Revealed 1475 Murder Poorly Disguised As an Accident 149Fire in the Ditch 150Prejudice in Forensic Investigation 153The Investigation 156Murder 157Vehicle Acceleration 159Ignition Tests 166Forensic Reenactments 169Spark Plugs and Induction 174Second Crash Test 176Results and Conclusions 178Limitations of Conclusions 1816 Subway Stop 183Man on the Tracks 185The Investigation 186Field of Vision 187Conspicuity 189Stopping a Train 197Test Stops and Fuzzy Data 199Unfuzzing the Data 202Precision, Rounding, and Truncating 203Time-Distance Analysis 212The Operator's Way Out 215Concluding Comments 216Candor in Analysis 2177 The Grounding of the Merchant Vessel Tamano 219Archimedes' Equilibrium 224Pressure and Hydrostatics 226Creating a Water Cushion 228Fuel Delivery 2298 Crane Collapse 231The Crane Collapses 234Force Moments and Stability 236The Solution 240Hydraulics 241Workers' Compensation 2449 Scaffolding Collapse 246The Accident 246Wrongful-Death Claim and Response 248The Facts 249The Plaintiffs' Burden 250Analysis 251The Ways the Wind Can Blow 253Putting in Numbers 254The Force of Wind 255Lawyerly Strategy and Its Deflection 261Looking at It from the Other End 261Power 262What Lifted It 265Seeing the Cables as Springs Solves the Problem 266Springs and the Law of Hooke 26710 Bringing It All Together 274The World Trade Center Collapse 275Collapse of Texas Tower Number Four 280Lessons Too Hard to Learn 282March 2008 Crane Collapse 284Conclusion 287Glossary 292Further Reading 302Index 306
