Current Issues and Enduring Questions: A Guide to Critical Thinking and Argument, with Readings

Preface      Part One     Critical Thinking and Writing1 Critical Thinking Thinking about Drivers’ Licenses and Photographic Identification Thinking About Another Issue Concerning Drivers’ Licenses: Imagination, Analysis, Evaluation *Thinking about Student Evaluations of their Professors*Idea Prompt: Visualizing Pros and Cons Writing as a Way of Thinking*Getting Ideas*Idea Prompt:  Understanding Classical Topics A Checklist for Critical Thinking A Short Essay Illustrating Critical Thinking*Harlan Coben, The Undercover Parent*Letters of Response by Carol Weston, Jan Brotman, and Marissa IsaakA Checklist for Evaluating Letters of Response Examining Assumptions A Checklist for Examining Assumptions*Peter Cave, Should We Save the Jerboa?Five Exercises in Critical Thinking2 Critical Reading: Getting StartedActive Reading Summarizing and Paraphrasing A Note about Paraphrase and Plagiarism Last Words (Almost) about SummarizingSusan Jacoby, A First Amendment Junkie Summarizing Jacoby, Paragraph by ParagraphA Checklist for Getting Started*Anya Kamenetz, You’re 16, You’re Beautiful and You’re a Voter*Exercise:  Examining Paragraphs*Letters of Response by Betty Agard, Robert Epstein, Delia McQuade Emmons, and Amanda Bergson-ShilcockGwen Wilde (student essay), Why the Pledge of Allegiance Should Be RevisedA Casebook for Critical Reading: Should Some Kinds of Speech be Censored? Susan Brownmiller, Let’s Put Pornography Back in the Closet Charles R. Lawrence III, On Racist Speech Derek Bok, Protecting Freedom of Expression on the Campus *Andrew Keen, Douse the Online Flamers*Thinking Further about Freedom of Expression, Cyberbullying, and Facebook Exercise:  Letter to the Editor3 Critical Reading: Getting Deeper into Arguments Persuasion, Argument, Dispute Reason versus Rationalization Some Procedures in Argument Definition *Idea Prompt:  Ways to Give Definitions A Checklist for Evaluation Statistical Evidence Nonrational Appeals Does All Writing Contain Arguments? A Checklist for Analyzing an Argument An Example: An Argument and a Look at the Writer’s Strategies George F. Will, Being Green at Ben and Jerry’s George F. Will’s Strategies Arguments for Analysis*Stanley Fish, When “Identity” Politics is Rational*James Carroll, If Poison Gas Can Go, Why Not Nukes?Gloria Jiménez (student essay), Against the Odds, and Against the Common Good Anna Lisa Raya (student essay), It’s Hard Enough Being Me Ronald Takaki, The Harmful Myth of Asian Superiority James Q. Wilson, Just Take Away Their Guns Sally Satel, Death’s Waiting List Letters of Response by Dorothy H. Hayes, Charles B. Fruit, and Michelle Goodwin*Heather Rogers, Hiding in Plain Sight4 Visual Rhetoric: Images as Arguments Some Uses of Images Appeals to the Eye Are Some Images not Fit to be Shown? *Politics and Pictures Exercises: Thinking about Images Reading Advertisements A Checklist for Analyzing Images (Especially Advertisements) Writing about a Political Cartoon*Idea Prompt:  Analysis of a Political Cartoon A Checklist for Analyzing Political CartoonsJackson Smith (student essay), Pledging Nothing?Visuals as Aids to Clarity: Maps, Graphs, Tables, and Pie Charts A Checklist for Charts and Graphs A Note on Using Visuals in Your Own Paper A Note on Formatting Your Paper: Document DesignAdditional Images for Analysis Nora Ephron, The Boston Photographs Part Two Critical Writing 5 Writing an Analysis of an Argument Analyzing an Argument*Idea Prompt:  Drawing Conclusions and Implying Proof An Argument, Its Elements, and a Student’s Analysis of the Argument Nicholas D. Kristof, For Environmental Balance, Pick Up a Rifle Betsy Swinton (student essay), Tracking Kristof An Analysis of the Student’s AnalysisA Checklist for Writing an Analysis of an ArgumentArguments for Analysis Jeff Jacoby, Bring Back Flogging Gerald Jones, Violent Media Is Good for Kids Sunaura Taylor and Alexander Taylor, Is It Possible To Be a Conscientious Meat Eater?Peter Singer, Animal Liberation Jonathan Swift, A Modest Proposal 6 Developing an Argument of Your Own Planning, Drafting, and Revising an Argument A Checklist for a Thesis Statement A Checklist for Imagining an Audience*Idea Prompt:  Using Transitions in Argument A Checklist for Attending to the Needs of the Audience Peer Review A Peer Review Checklist for a Draft of an ArgumentA Student’s Essay, from Rough Notes to Final Version Emily Andrews, Why I Don’t Spare “Spare Change” The Essay AnalyzedExercise  7 Using Sources Why Use Sources? Choosing a Topic Finding Material Finding Quality Information on the Web A Word about Wikipedia Finding Articles Using Library Databases Locating Books Interviewing Peers and Local Authorities Evaluating Your Sources A Checklist for Evaluating Print Sources Taking Notes A Checklist for Evaluating Electronic Sources A Note on Plagiarizing, Paraphrasing, and Using Common Knowledge A Checklist for Avoiding Plagiarism Compiling an Annotated Bibliography Writing the Paper Quoting from Sources *Incorporating Your Reading into Your Thinking: The Art and Science of Synthesis The Use and Abuse of Quotations How to Quote A Checklist for Using Quotations Rather than Summaries Documentation*Idea Prompt:  Signal Phrases A Note on Footnotes (and Endnotes)MLA Format: Citations within the Text MLA Format: The List of Works Cited APA Format: Citations within the Text APA Format: The List of References A Checklist for Papers Using Sources An Annotated Student Research Paper in MLA Format Theresa Washington, Why Trials Should Not Be Televised An Annotated Student Research Paper in APA Format Laura Deveau, The Role of Spirituality and Religion in Mental Health  Part Three Further Views on Argument8 A Philosopher’s View: The Toulmin Model The Claim Grounds Warrants Backing Modal Qualifiers Rebuttals A Model Analysis Using the Toulmin MethodA Checklist for Using the Toulmin Method Putting the Toulmin Method to Work: Responding to an ArgumentMichael S. Dukakis and Daniel J. B. Mitchell, Raise Wages, Not WallsThinking with Toulmin’s Method9 A Logician’s View: Deduction, Induction, Fallacies Deduction Induction Fallacies Fallacies of Ambiguity Fallacies of Presumption Fallacies of RelevanceA Checklist for Evaluating an Argument from a Logical Point of View Exercise: Fallacies--Or Not?Max Shulman, Love Is a Fallacy  10 A Moralist’s View: Ways of Thinking Ethically Amoral Reasoning Immoral Reasoning Moral Reasoning: A Closer Look Criteria for Moral Rules A Checklist for Moral ReasoningPeter Singer, Famine, Affluence, and Morality Garret Hardin, Lifeboat Ethics: The Case against Helping the Poor Randy Cohen, Three Letters (to an Ethicist) 11 A Lawyer’s View: Steps toward Civic Literacy Civil and Criminal Cases Trial and Appeal Decision and Opinion Majority, Concurring, and Dissenting Opinions Facts and Law Balancing Interests A Word of Caution A Checklist for Analyzing Legal Arguments A Casebook on the Law and Society: What Rights do the Constitution and the Bill of Rights Protect? Byron R. White and John Paul Stevens, New Jersey v. T.L.O. Harry Blackmun and William H. Rehnquist, Roe v. Wade  12 A Psychologist’s View: Rogerian Argument Rogerian Argument: An IntroductionCarl R. Rogers, Communication: Its Blocking and Its Facilitation A Checklist for Analyzing Rogerian Argument *Edward O. Wilson, Letter to a Southern Baptist Minister 13 A Literary Critic’s View: Arguing about Literature Interpreting Judging (or Evaluating) Theorizing A Checklist for an Argument about Literature Examples: Two Students Interpret Robert Frost’s “Mending Wall”Robert Frost, Mending Wall Jonathan Deutsch, The Deluded Speaker in Frost’s “Mending Wall” Felicia Alonso, The Debate in Robert Frost’s “Mending Wall” Exercises: Reading a Poem and a Story Andrew Marvell, To His Coy Mistress Kate Chopin, The Story of an Hour Thinking about the Effects of Literature Plato, “The Greater Part of the Stories Current Today We Shall Have to Reject” Thinking about Government Funding for the Arts 14 A Debater’s View: Individual Oral Presentations and Debate *Classroom Individual Oral Presentations*Personal Appearance*Forms of Delivery*The Language of the Talk*Pace of Speaking*Movement*Audiovisual Aids* A Checklist for an Oral PresentationFormal Debates Standard Debate Format The Audience Delivery The Talk A Checklist for Preparing for a Debate Part Four Current Issues:  Occasions for DebateDebates as an Aid to Thinking A Checklist for Analyzing a Debate *15 The Equal Rights Amendment: Is It Still Needed?*Idella Moore, Yes*Analyzing a Visual:  The Equal Rights Amendment*Phyllis Schlafly, No*16 Genetic Modification of Human Beings: Is It Acceptable?*Ronald M. Green, Building Babies from the Genes Up*Analyzing a Visual:  Human Genetic Modification*Richard Hayes, Genetically Modified Humans? No Thanks17 Obesity: Who Is Responsible for Our Weight?Radley Balko, Are You Responsible for Your Own Weight?  Pro Analyzing a Visual: Obesity Kelly Brownell and Marion Nestle, Are You Responsible for Your Own Weight?  Con *18 Racial Profiling: Should Airports Use It to Screen Passengers?*Clifford S. Fishman, Yes, Racial Profiling Is Sometimes Acceptable*Analyzing a Visual:  Airport Racial Profiling*Jean Abinader, No, Racial Profiling Is Unacceptable*19 Romantic Relationships between Faculty and Students: Should Colleges Prohibit Them?*Paul R. Abramson, The Right to Romance: Why Universities Shouldn’t Prohibit Relations Between Teachers and Students*Analyzing a Visual:  Teacher-Student Relationships*Duke University, Duke University’s Policy on Consensual Relationships 20  Single-Sex Classrooms: Do They Offer Advantages?*Rosalind C. Barnett and Caryl Rivers, Differences Should Not Drive a Curriculum*Analyzing a Visual:  Single-Sex Classrooms*Sally Reed, Girls and Boys Thrive in Separate Classrooms Part Five Current Issues:  Casebooks21 College Education: What Is Its Purpose?Stanley Fish, Why We Built the Ivory Tower David Brooks, “Moral Suicide,” À la Wolfe”Letters of Response by Scott Bradley, Barry Oshry, Paul Cutrone, and Rebecca Chopp Patrick Allitt, Should Undergraduates Specialize?Letters of Response by Carol Geary Schneider and Ellis M. West*Marty Nemko, America’s Most Overrated Product: The Bachelor’s Degree*Charles Murray, Should the Obama Generation Drop Out?*Letters of Response by Charles Axilbund, Jacques Jimenez, Jeff Adler, Lillian Hoodes, Larry Hoffner Sandra Sherman, and Michel Dedina, Louis Menand, Re-imagining Liberal Education22 The Death Penalty: Is It Ever Justified? Edward I. Koch, Death and Justice: How Capital Punishment Affirms Life David Bruck, The Death Penalty George Ryan, Speech Announcing Commutation of All Illinois Prisoners’ Death Sentences Gary Wills, The Dramaturgy of Death Potter Stewart, Gregg v. Georgia Harry Blackmun, Dissenting Opinion in Callins v. Collins Helen Prejean, Executions Are Too Costly—Morally Alex Kozinski and Sean Gallagher, For an Honest Death Penalty 23 Drugs: Should Their Sale and Use Be Legalized? William J. Bennett, Drug Policy and the Intellectuals James Q. Wilson, Against the Legalization of Drugs Milton Friedman, There’s No Justice in the War on Drugs Elliot Currie, Toward a Policy on Drugs *24 Going Green:  What Must Be Done?*Daniel Goleman and Gregory Norris, How Green Was My Bottle*Craig D. Rose, Here Comes the Sun*Aldo Leopold, Thinking Like a Mountain*Paul Bloom, Natural Happiness*Bill McKibben, Now or Never*Edward Abbey, Eco-Defense25 Immigration: What Is To Be Done? David Cole, Five Myths about Immigration Barry R. Chiswick, The Worker Next Door John Tierney, Angels in America Victor David Hanson, Our Brave New World of Immigration Cardinal Roger Mahony, Called by God to Help26 Sexual Harassment: Is There Any Doubt about What It Is? Tufts University, What Is Sexual Harassment? Ellen Goodman, The Reasonable Woman Standard Ellen Frankel Paul, Bared Buttocks and Federal Cases Sarah J. McCarthy, Cultural Fascism 27 Marriage: What Is Its Future?Thomas B. Stoddard, Gay Marriages: Make Them Legal Lisa Schiffren, Gay Marriage, an Oxymoron Ellen Goodman, Backward Logic in the Courts*Jeff Jacoby, Lawful Incest May Be on Its Way Marriage: A Portfolio of Cartoons Diane Medved, The Case against Divorce*Wendy Kaminer, Why Is Polygamy Illegal?B. Aisha Lemu, In Defense of Polygamy *28 Reproductive Rights: What Are the Limits?Rush H. Limbaugh III, Condoms: the New Diploma Analyzing a Visual: Sex Education Anna Quindlen, A Pyrrhic Victory Ellen Willis, Putting Women Back into the Abortion Debate 514Randall A. Terry, The Abortion Clinic Shootings: Why? 521*Sperm Harvesting: Is It Acceptable?*Kathleen Nolan,  Live Sperm, Dead Bodies*Cappy Miles Rothman, Commentary *Judith Wilson Ross, Commentary*29 Service: A Duty? A Benefit? Or Both, or Perhaps Neither?*Barack Obama, Commencement Address*Peter Levine, The Case for “Service”*Andrew J.  Bacevich, The Failure of an All-Volunteer Military*Anonymous, Rejecting the Draft Letters of Response by Richard Roth, Christian Danielsen, Norman daniels, Samuel Z. Klausner, Per Halvorsen, and Jerry Wallingford Dave Eggers, Serve or Fail30 Testing: What Value Do Tests Have? Testing: What Values Do Tests Have?Paul Goodman, A Proposal to Abolish Grading Howard Gardner, Test for Aptitude, Not for Speed Letters of Response by Thomas M. Johnson Jr., Garver Moore, Arnie Lichten, and Janet Rudolph Diane Ravitch, In Defense of Testing *Alfie Kohn, From Degrading to De-grading Joy Alonso, Two Cheers for Examinations31 Torture: Is It Ever Justifiable? Michael Levin, The Case for Torture Charles Krauthammer, The Truth about Torture*Association for the Prevention of Torture, Defusing the Ticking Time Bomb ScenarioPart Six Enduring Questions: Essays, A Story, Poems, and a Play 32 What Is the Ideal Society? Thomas More, From Utopia Niccolo Machiavelli, From The Prince Thomas Jefferson, The Declaration of Independence Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions Martin Luther King Jr., I Have a Dream W. H. Auden, The Unknown Citizen Langston Hughes, Let America Be America Again Ursula K. Le Guin, The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas  33 How Free Is the Will of the Individual within Society? Thoughts about Free Will Plato, Crito George Orwell, Shooting an Elephant Walter T. Stace, Is Determinism Inconsistent with Free Will? Martin Luther King Jr., Letter from Birmingham Jail Stanley Milgram, The Perils of Obedience *Peter Cave, Man or Sheep?Thomas Hardy, The Man He Killed T. S. Eliot, The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock Susan Glaspell, Trifles Mitsuye Yamada, To the Lady 34 What Is Happiness? Thoughts about Happiness, Ancient and Modern*Daniel Gilbert, Does Fatherhood Make You Happy?*Henry David Thoreau, Selections from Walden Darrin M. McMahon, In Pursuit of Unhappiness Epictetus, from The Handbook Bertrand Russell, The Happy Life  The Dalai Lama and Howard C. Cutler, Inner Contentment C. S. Lewis, We have No “Right to Happiness”Danielle Crittenden, About Love Judy Brady, I Want a Wife  Index of Authors and Titles Index of Terms  * new to this edition

\ BooknewsA text and anthology for undergraduate students, explaining how to read others' arguments and how to write arguments, and offering some 100 essays from ancient times to the present. Part 1 covers using sources, evaluating evidence, and organizing material. Part 2 contains debates on contemporary issues such as abortion, drug legalization, and immigration. Part 3 provides classic and contemporary essays on issues such as the ideal society. Part 4 offers examples of literary criticism, new to this fourth edition. Annotation c. Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)\ \