Dark Crusade: Christian Zionism and US Foreign Policy
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Despite its efforts to promote peace and instil democracy in the region, America is viewed by many in the Middle East as a dishonest broker waging a "dark crusade" against its enemies: in covert collaboration with Israel. The crucial hostility to Arab and Palestinian interests of the so-called "Zionist lobby" in the US has long been recognized. But it is another less familiar element in US politics that increasingly calls the shots on Capitol Hill, directing the course of American foreign policy there: Christian Zionism. Christian Zionists now influence not only the Republican Party, but also the White House and Congress. Protestant fundamentalists are anticipating the end of the world and they have long made common cause with the most extreme political elements in the state of Israel. But why? Jews and fundamentalist Christians hardly look like natural allies. Adhering to a feverish apocalyptic ideology, Christian Zionists nevertheless believe that restoration of the entire biblical Holy Land to the Jewish people will result the thousand-year reign of Christ. During his eleven years working in the Senate, the author observed at first hand the deep-seated influence of Christian Zionism on American foreign policy, and is uniquely qualified to assess its significance. Dark Crusade offers the most nuanced analysis yet written of this dangerous and complex phenomenon.
Acknowledgments viiiAbbreviations xPreface xiiIntroduction 1Part I Christian Zionism and Nineteenth-Century Imperialism1 The Eastern Question and Imperialism 82 The Early American Republic and the Muslim World 273 Christian Zionism: Construction of an Ideology 454 Christian Zionism on American Shores 62Part II Christian Zionism and American Foreign Policy, 1917-485 Fundamentalism, the First World War, and Palestine 726 Christian Zionism from the First World War to the Second World War 877 Zionism from the Second World War to 1948 104Part III Christian Zionism and American Foreign Policy, From the Cold War to Bush8 The Christian Right in the Fifties and Sixties 1209 The Christian Right in the Seventies and Eighties 13610 George W. Bush and the Dark Crusade 15511 Christian Zionism and the Next War 174Notes 183Select Bibliography 225Index 247
