Discovering Grammar: An Introduction to English Sentence Structure
Discovering Grammar: An Introduction to English Sentence Structure encourages students to explore grammar through a unique "discovery" approach that encompasses both critical thinking and text analysis. Ideal for courses in the structure of English, this book is also useful for courses in English education/language arts, English as a second language, and linguistics. Part One offers an overview of different definitions of and approaches to grammar and outlines the approach to descriptive...
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Discovering Grammar: An Introduction to English Sentence Structure encourages students to explore grammar through a unique "discovery" approach that encompasses both critical thinking and text analysis. Ideal for courses in the structure of English, this book is also useful for courses in English education/language arts, English as a second language, and linguistics. Part One offers an overview of different definitions of and approaches to grammar and outlines the approach to descriptive grammar taken in the text. This section also includes an introduction to phrase structure and evidence for syntactic structure based on movement, pronominalization, and coordination. Part Two introduces each syntactic category (noun, verb, adjective, adverb, and preposition) through morphological and syntactic evidence and highlights the basic division between lexical and grammatical categories. Part Three focuses on the structure of sentences, discussing subordination, complementation, adjunction, and more. In contrast with most traditional grammar books—whose exercises focus on drills and memorization—Discovering Grammar features practical and engaging exercises. Discovery Problems encourage students to "discover" sentence structure by analyzing patterns of data. Students can then apply their skills to Text Analysis exercises in which they examine a wide variety of different texts including excerpts from poetry, novels, television, movies, and other media. Language Diversity Exercises introduce students to other varieties of English, both earlier versions (Old and Middle English) and current "world" Englishes used both inside and outside the U.S. Each chapter concludes with a chapter review and a comprehensive exercise that can be used as a chapter test. The volume is further enhanced by a concise glossary and a guide for doing Language Diversity Exercises.
Each chapter opens with an Introduction and closes with a Summary, Discovery Problems, Text Analysis, Language Diversity Exercises, Chapter Review Terms, and Chapter Review Exercises Preface AcknowledgmentsPART I: THE GRAMMATICAL SYSTEM 1. Grammar and Our Knowledge of Language The Components of Grammar Descriptive and Prescriptive Grammar Standard English The Approach to Grammar in This Book2. Some Syntactic Fundamentals: Categories and Phrases Syntactic Categories Grammatical and Lexical Categories Phrase Structure3. Evidence for Phrases: Movement, Pronominalization, and Coordination Movement Pronominalization CoordinationPART II: CATEGORIES 4. Nouns Semantic Classes of Nouns The Morphology of Nouns The Syntax of the Noun Phrase Categories that Introduce Nouns: Determiners, Numerals and Quantifiers5. The Forms and Meanings of Verbs The Semantics of Verbs The Morphology of Verbs Semantic Tense and Aspect Future Tense and Modals Infinitives Grammatical Verbs: Auxiliaries and Modals6. The Syntax of the Verb Phrase A Phrase Structure Rule for Verb Phrase Negation and Do-InsertionNot Contraction Subject-Auxiliary Inversion and Tag The Grammatical Category Auxiliary7. Adjectives and Adjective Phrases The Semantics of Adjectives The Morphology of Adjectives Categories That Introduce Adjectives: Degree Words The Syntax of the Adjective Phrase Adjective Phrase Positions8. Adverbs and Adverb Phrases Semantic Classes of Adverbs The Morphology of Adverbs Categories That Introduce Adverbs: Degree Words Adverb Phrase Positions9. Prepositions The Semantics of Prepositions The Morphology of Prepositions Categories That Introduce Prepositions Prepositions: A Grammatical or Lexical Category?The Phrase Structure of Prespositional Phrases Intransitive Prepositions: Particles More Prepositional PhrasesPART III: GRAMMATICAL FUNCTIONS 10. The Sentence: Clause Structure, Subordination, and Coordination The Structure of the Clause: NP and VP Independent and Subordinate Clauses Types of Subordinate Clauses11. Complements Subcategorization Complements of Verbs Complements of Other Lexical Categories12. Adjuncts in the Verb Phrase Prepositional Phrase Adjuncts Adverb Phrase and Adverbial Noun Phrase Adjuncts Participial Phrase Adjuncts Adjective Phrase Adjuncts Clausal Adjuncts13. Adjuncts in the Noun Phrase Appositive Noun Phrases Restrictive Relative Clauses Nonrestrictive Relative Clauses Free Relative Clauses Glossary Appendix Index
