EJB 3 in Action

Preface     xixAcknowledgments     xxiAbout this book     xxivOverview of the EJB Landscape     1What's what in EJB 3     3EJB overview     5EJB as a component     5EJB as a framework     7Layered architectures and EJB     9Why choose EJB 3?     12Understanding EJB types     14Session beans     16Message-driven beans     16Entities and the Java Persistence API     17Getting inside EJB     19Accessing EJB sendees: the EJB container     20Accessing JPA services: the persistence provider     20Gaining functionality with EJB services     21Renaissance of EJB     23HelloUser Example     24Simplified programming model     25Annotations instead of deployment descriptors     26Dependency injection vs. JNDI lookup     27Simplified persistence API     27Unit-testable POJO components     29EJB 3 and Spring     30Summary     32A first taste of EJB     33New features: simplifying EJB     35Replacing deployment descriptors with annotations     35Introducing dependency injection     40Introducing the ActionBazaar application     41Starting with the architecture     42An EJB 3-based solution     43Building business logic with session beans     45Using stateless beans     45The stateless bean client     47Using stateful beans     50A stateful bean client     54Messaging with message-driven beans     56Producing a billing message     57Using the order billing message processor MDB     59Persisting data with EJB 3 JPA     61Working with the Java Persistence API     62Using the EntityManager     65Summary     67Building Business Logic with EJB 3     69Building business logic with session beans     71Getting to know session beans     72Why use session beans?     73Session beans: the basics     75Understanding the programming rules     78Conversational state and session bean types     79Bean lifecycle callbacks     79Stateless session beans      83The BidManagerBean example     84Using the @Stateless annotation     86Specifying bean business interfaces     87Using bean lifecycle callbacks     90Stateful session beans     93Additional programming rules     94The BidderAccountCreatorBean example     94Business interfaces for stateful beans     98Stateful bean lifecycle callbacks     98Session bean clients     102Using the @EJB annotation     104Injection and stateful session beans     104Performance considerations for stateful beans     105Using stateful session beans effectrvely     105Stateful session bean alternatives     107Session bean best practices     108Summary     109Messaging and developing MDBs     110Messaging concepts     111Message-oriented middleware     112Messaging in Action Bazaar     112Messaging models     114Introducing Java Messaging Service     117Developing the JMS message producer     117The JMS message interface     119Working with message-driven beans     121Why use MDBS?     122Programming rules     124Developing a message consumer with MDB     124Using the @MessageDriven annotation     127Implementing the MessageListener     127Using ActivationConfigProperty     128Using bean lifecycle callbacks     132Sending JMS messages from MDBs     135Managing MDB transactions     136MDB best practices     137Summary     139Learning advanced EJB concepts     140EJB internals     141EJB behind the scenes     141EJB context: accessing the runtime environment     143Accessing resources using DI and JNDI     146Resource injection using @Resource     146The @Resource annotation in action     152Looking up resources and EJBs     155AOP in the EJB world: interceptors     157What is AOP?     157What are interceptors?     158Specifying interceptors     160Implementing business interceptors     162Lifecycle callback methods in the interceptor class     165Scheduling: the EJB 3 timer service     167What are timers?      168Using the timer service     169When to use EJB timers     174Summary     175Transactions and security     176Understanding transactions     177A transactional solution in ActionBazaar     178ACID properties     178Transaction management internals     181Two-phase commit     183Transaction management in EJB     184Container-managed transactions     185Snag-It ordering using CMT     185The @TransactionManagement annotation     186The @TransactionAttribute annotation     187Marking a CMT for rollback     191Transaction and exception handling     193Bean-managed transactions     196Snag-It ordering using BMT     196Getting a UserTransaction     198Using UserTransaction     199The pros and cons of BMT     201Exploring EJB security     202Authentication vs. authorization     202Users, groups, and roles     203A security problem in ActionBazaar     203EJB 3 and Java EE security     205Declarative security     208Using EJB programmatic security     210Summary     2133 Diving into the Java Persistence API (JPA)     215Implementing domain models     217Domain modeling and the JPA     218Introducing domain models     219The ActionBazaar problem domain     219Domain model actors     222The EJB 3 Java Persistence API     224Domain objects as Java classes     225Implementing domain objects with JPA     227The @Entity annotation     228Persisting entity data     229Specifying entity identity     233The Embeddable annotation     238Entity relationships     239@OneToOne     240@OneToMany and @ManyToOne     244@ManyToMany     247Summary     249Object-relational mapping     250The impedance mismatch     251Mapping objects to databases     252Introducing O/R mapping     257Mapping entities     258Specifying the table     261Mapping the columns     262Using @Enumerated     264Mapping CLOBs and BLOBs      265Mapping temporal types     265Mapping an entity to multiple tables     266Generating primary keys     267Mapping embeddable classes     270Mapping entity relationships     273Mapping one-to-one relationships     273One-to-many and many-to-one     278Many-to-many     281Mapping inheritance     284Single-table strategy     285Joined-tables strategy     287Table-per-class strategy     288Mapping polymorphic relationships     291Summary     292Manipulating entities with EntityManager     293Introducing the EntityManager     294The EntityManager interface     294The lifecycle of an entity     297Persistence contexts, scope, and the EntityManager     301Using the EntityManager in ActionBazaar     303Creating EntityManager instances     304Container-managed EntityManagers     305Application-managed EntityManager     308Managing persistence operations     313Persisting entities     314Retrieving entities by primary key     319Updating entities      325Deleting entities     328Controlling updates with flush     330Refreshing entities     331Entity lifecycle listeners     333Using an entity listener     334Default listener classes     336Listener class execution order and exclusion     337Entity operations best practices     338Summary     338Using the query API and JPQL to retrieve entities     340Introducing the query API     341The big picture     341Anatomy of a query     343Defining named queries     344Executing the queries     345Creating a query instance     346Working with the Query interface     347Specifying query hints     353Introducing JPQL     354Defining statement types     356Using the From clause     358Conditional expressions and operators     362Working with JPQL functions     367Using a Select clause     370Using aggregations     372Ordering the query result     374Using subqueries     374Joining entities      376Bulk updates and deletes     379Native SQL queries     380Using dynamic queries with native SQL     381Using a named native SQL query     382Summary     383Putting EJB 3 Into Action     385Packaging EJB 3 applications     387Packaging your applications     389Dissecting the Ear file     391Loading the Ear module     392Exploring class loading     394Class-loading basics     394Exposing the classic parent delegation model     396Class loading in Java EE applications     398Dependencies between Java EE modules     398Packaging session and message-driven beans     400Packaging EJB-JAR     400Deployment descriptors vs. annotations     402Overriding annotations with deployment descriptors     406Specifying default interceptor settings     407Using vendor-specific annotations and descriptors     408Packaging entities     410Exposing the persistence module     410Describing the persistence module with persistence.xml     411Performing O/R mapping with orm.xml     418Best practices and common deployment issues     422Packaging and deployment best practices     422Troubleshooting common deployment problems     423Summary     424Effectively integrating EJB 3 across your application tiers     425Design patterns and web technologies     426Presentation tier     427Using the Entity Access Object pattern     429Visiting the Session Facade pattern     434Accessing session beans from the web tier     439Accessing session beans using dependency injection     441Referencing session beans from helper classes     442Dealing with transactions     445Working with stateful session beans     446Using JPA from the web tier     447Using a container-managed entity manager     448Using an application-managed EntityManager with JTA transactions     450Accessing an application-managed EntityManager outside the container     451Summary     454Taming wild EJBs: performance and scalability     455Handling entity locking issues     457Understanding locking types     458Optimistic locking and entity versioning     461EntityManager and lock modes      462Improving entity performance     464Remodeling and schema redesign     464Tuning the JDBC layer     468Reducing database operations     470Improving query performance     474Caching     478Improving performance of EJB 3 components     483Session bean performance     484Improving MDB performance     487Clustering EJB applications     488Collocated architecture     489Load-balancing stateless session beans     490Clustering statefal session beans     493Entities and clustered cache     495Summary     496Migration and Interoperability Issues     497Migration to EJB 3     499Backward compatibility and interoperability with EJB 2     500Packaging EJB 2 and EJB 3 together     501Invoking EJB 2 from EJB 3     502Using EJB 3 from EJB 2     503Migrating session beans     505Converting interface and bean classes     506Resource usage     510Transactions and security settings     511Client applications     511Migrating message-driven beans     313Migrating CMP 2 entity beans to the EJB 3 JPA     513Redesign your domain model     514Using DTOs as entities     517Entity bean classes and interfaces     519Client applications     526Migrating JDBC DAOs to use the EJB 3 JPA     529Identifying entities     529Reworking a DAO implementation class to use the EntityManager API     530Swapping SQL queries for JPQL     531Helping O/R frameworks to use the EJB 3 JPA     533Approaches to migration     535Strategies     535Manual vs. automated     536Summary     536Exposing EJBs as web services     537What is a web service?     539Identifying web service components     541Web services styles     547Approaches to developing web services     548JAX-WS: Java EE 5 web services platform     549Introducing the web services platform     549Why choose EJB over a POJO for a web service?     550Developing EJB web services with JAX-WS 2.0     551Using the @WebService annotation     553Specifying the web service style with @SOAPBinding      555Using @WebMethod     557Using the @WebParam annotation     558Using the @WebResult annotation     560Using @OneWay and @HandlerChain     561Accessing a web service from an EJB     562Accessing the PlaceBid web service     562EJB as a web service client     564Best practices for web service development     565Summary     567EJB 3 and Spring     568Introducing the Spring framework     570Benefits of the Spring framework     571The inversion of control principle     571The separation of concerns principle     572Using JPA with Spring     573Building JPA EAOs for Spring     574Configuring Spring to use the JPA     577Combining the power of EJB 3 and Spring     581Developing Spring-enabled EJBs     581Using session beans from Spring beans     585Summary     585RMI and JNDI     587Reviewing relational databases     596Annotations reference     603Deployment descriptors reference     623Installing and configuring the Java EE 5 SDK      646Resources     660Index     663