Environmental Law and Policy: the Essentials
Offering a big-picture perspective on Environmental Law and Policy , this brief introduction illuminates essential concepts with informal, approachable exposition. The Essentials: Environmental Law and Policy complements any casebook, bridging gaps, and more!
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Offering a big-picture perspective on Environmental Law and Policy , this brief introduction illuminates essential concepts with informal, approachable exposition. The Essentials: Environmental Law and Policy complements any casebook, bridging gaps
Preface xvChapter 1 Environmental Policy and the Contours of Environmental Law 1Economics and Environmental Regulation 4The Common Law and Environmental Problems 9The Development of Modern Federal Environmental Law 13The Tools of Modern Environmental Law 13Environmental Law and Federalism 20Environmental Law and the Administrative State 25Enforcement in Environmental Regulation 26Environmental Justice 29Chapter Recap 32Chapter 2 Environmental Regulation, Constitutional Law, and Administrative Law 35Constitutional Law 35Commerce Clause 36Dormant Commerce Clause 37Supremacy Clause 39Eminent Domain and the Takings Clause 41Administrative Law 45Promulgating Regulations 46Other Agency Responsibilities: Administrative Adjudication and Enforcement 49Interpreting Statutes and Regulations 50Chapter Recap 51Chapter 3 The Regulation of Air Pollution: The Clean Air Act 53Categories of Sources 55NAAQS 55State Implementation Plans 57SIP Calls 58Sanctions for Inadequate SIPs 58Specific Federal Programs 58Requirements Based on the Area's Ambient Air Quality 59Nonattainment 59Prevention of Significant Deterioration 60New Source Review 61Hazardous Air Pollutants 63Sulfur Dioxide Emissions Trading 64Regulation of Interstate Pollution Transport 66State Freedom to Regulate Beyond the Clean Air Act 68Title V Permitting 68Mobile Sources 69The Clean Air Act and International Law 71Chapter Recap 72Chapter 4 The Regulation of Water Pollution: The Clean Water Act 75Clean Water Act 76Goals 76The Federalism of the Clean Water Act: "Waters of the United States" 76Point Sources versus Nonpoint Sources 78Point Source Regulation and NPDES Permits 80Effluent Limitations Under Section 402 Permits 81Nonpoint Sources 84State Freedom to Regulate Beyond the Clean Water Act 85Water Quality Standards 85TMDLs 87Water Quality Standards and Interstate Considerations 88The Clean Water Act and Foreign Disputes 89Section 401 Certification 89Section 404 Permitting 90Safe Drinking Water Act 92Chapter Recap 93Chapter 5 The Regulation of Hazardous Wastes: RCRA and CERCLA 97Solid Waste 98Hazardous Waste 99RCRA - Substantive Requirements 101Generators 101Transporters 101TSDFs 101Landfill Regulation 102Cercla 102Hazardous Substances 103Responses to Releases and Substantial Threats of Releases 103Cercla Liability 104Overview 104Scope 105Who Is Liable? 106The Nature of Liability 108Defenses 109Severability and Contributors of Small Amounts 110CERCLA Exceptions: Lenders 111CERCLA Exceptions: Innocent Landowners 112The Future of CERCLA Sites and the Problem of Brownfields 113Other Federal Regulation of Hazardous Substances 113Chapter Recap 114Chapter 6 The Protection of Endangered and Threatened Species: The Endangered Species Act 117Administration of the ESA 117Listing Species 118Controversy over Listing 120Downlistings and Delistings 120Designation of Critical Habitat 121ESA Restrictions 121Restrictions on Federal Government Action: Consultation 121Irrelevance of Cost and the Availability of Injunctive Relief 123Exemptions from ESA Coverage 124Restrictions on Public and Private Actions 124Protection of Endangered Plants 125Protection of Threatened Species 126Incidental Take Permits 126Chapter Recap 126Chapter 7 Introduction Environmental Concerns to Government Decision Making: NEPA 129NEPA-Introduction 129Overview of NEPA Procedure 131When Must an EIS Be Prepared? 132What Is a Major Federal Action? 133When Does a Major Federal Action Significantly Affect the Human Environment? - Substance 134When Does a Major Federal Action Significantly Affect the Human Environment? - Procedure 136Timing of the EIS 137EIS Adequacy 138Other Federal Information-Based Regulatory Provisions 140Chapter Recap 141Chapter 8 Methods of Enforcement 143Government Enforcement of the Environmental Laws Against Alleged Violators 144Administrative Enforcement 144Civil Enforcement 145Calculating Penalties 145Criminal Enforcement 145Citizen Suits - Introduction 146Citizen Suits Against EPA 147Citizen Suits Against Violators 148Standing 150Executive and Legislative Control over EPA 153Executive Branch Control over EPA 153Legislative Branch Control over EPA 153Chapter Recap 154Chapter 9 Regulation of the Environment at the International Level 157The Genesis of International Environmental Law 157International Environmental Treaty Regimes 159Ozone Depletion, the Vienna Convention, and the Montreal Protocol 159Global Warming, the Framework Convention for Climate Change, and the Kyoto Protocol 160The Relevance of Domestic Law 162Chapter Recap 164Glossary 167Index 179
