Grassroots Garveyism: The Universal Negro Improvement Association in the Rural South, 1920-1927
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The black separatist movement led by Marcus Garvey has long been viewed as a phenomenon of African American organization in the urban North. But as Mary Rolinson demonstrates, the largest number of Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) divisions and Garvey's most devoted and loyal followers were found in the southern Black Belt. Rolinson remaps the movement to include this vital but overlooked region, and offers a view of what southern Garveyites were like. Even after the UNIA had all but disappeared in the South in the 1930s, she says, the movement's tenets of race organization, unity, and pride continued to flourish in other forms of black protest for generations.
Acknowledgments ixIntroduction: Rediscovering Southern Garveyism 1Antecedents 24Lessons 48Growth 72Members 103Appeal 131Transition 161Epilogue: Legacy 192UNIA Divisions in the Eleven States of the Former Confederacy 197Numbers of Southern Members of UNIA Divisions by State 200Numbers of Sympathizers Involved in Mass Meetings and Petitions for Garvey's Release from Jail and Prison, 1923-1927 201Phases of Organization of UNIA Divisions in the South by State 202Ministers as Southern UNIA Officers, 1926-1928 203Profiles of UNIA Members in Georgia, Arkansas, and Mississippi, 1922-1928, and NAACP Branch Leaders in Georgia, 1917-1920 204Women Organizers in the UNIA in the South, 1922-1928 214Notes 217Bibliography 251Index 269
