Handbook of Commercial Catalysts
Despite the advances in understanding the phenomena that occur on a catalyst surface, much of the successful catalyst development and use continues to be half science and half art. The art resides in the practical knowledge of experts in the development and use of commercial catalysts-it comes with experience. Now the background needed to nurture the experience and inspire the art is collected along with the science into a single volume.\ Whether called upon to select or improve a catalyst,...
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Despite the advances in understanding the phenomena that occur on a catalyst surface, much of the successful catalyst development and use continues to be half science and half art. The art resides in the practical knowledge of experts in the development and use of commercial catalysts-it comes with experience. Now the background needed to nurture the experience and inspire the art is collected along with the science into a single volume.Whether called upon to select or improve a catalyst, design a process, diagnose operating problems, or improve existing processes, the Handbook of Commercial Catalysts provides the information needed to form a basis for the task. It offers a starting point by providing a broad overview of 150 major commercial processes and the heterogeneous catalyst used for each. The author has arranged them according to specific reaction or reaction type, and supplies reference citations for deeper research. He offers valuable insghts-based on chemistry, thermodynamics, and surface science-that provide a framework for rational reasoning about catalyst performance.With data collected from the existing literature, from the in-house specialists of commercial vendors, and from his own extensive experience, the author discusses for each reaction:Product usesChemistryMechanismCatalyst typeCatalyst suppliers and licensorsCatalyst deactivationCatalyst regenerationProcess unitsProcess kineticsArmed with this information, the reader can begin rational analysis of an existing or planned reaction system and logically discuss catalyst characteristics and operations with technical representative of catalyst manufacturers and with colleagues. Booknews This handbook offers the information necessary for numerous tasks, such as selecting a catalyst, designing a process, diagnosing operating problems, and improving existing processes. It provides an overview of 150 major commercial processes and the heterogeneous catalyst used for each. Rase (chemical engineering, University of Texas) draws from chemistry, thermodynamics, and surface science to develop a framework for reasoning about catalyst selection and performance. With information collected from the published literature, from the in-house specialists of commercial vendors, and from Rase's own experience, the book offers a background on commercial solid catalysts according to specific reactions or reaction types. Each entry is cross-indexed by reactants and products. Annotation c. Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)
ACETOXYLATION Ethylene + Acetic Acid à Vinyl Acetate Butadiene + Acetic Acid à 1,4 Diacetoxy-2-Butene à 1,4 Butanediol à Tetrahydrofuran Propylene + Acetic Acid à Allyl Acetate à Allyl Alcohol ALKYLATION Introduction Alkylation of Benzene and Toluene Alkylation of Phenols Higher Alkylphenols Alkylation of Polynuclear Aromatics Alkylation of Aromatic Amines Transalkylation and Disproportionation Lower Aliphatic Amines by Alkylation of Ammonia (Amination) AMMONOLYSIS Phenol + Ammonia à Aniline Meta-Cresol + Ammonia à Meta-Toludine Diethylene Glycol + Ammonia à Morpholine AMMOXIDATION Propylene à Acrylonitrile Methane à HCN Isobutylene à Methacrylonitrile Aromatic Methyl Compounds à Nitriles CARBONYLATION Carboxylation of Olefins to Carboxylic Acids Carbon Monoxide + Chlorine à Phosgene DEHYDRATION OF ALCOHOLS 1-Phenylethanol à Styrene DEHYDROCHLORINATION C10 - C13 Chlorideà Linear Olefins DEHYDROGENATION Dehydrogenation of Ethylbenzene Styrene Derivatives from Other Alkyl Aromatics Dehydrogenation of Lower Alkanes Alcohols to Aldehydes or Ketones Three Other Dehydrogenations EXPOXIDATION Ethylbenzene à Propylene Oxide + Styrene HYDRATION Ethylene à Ethanol Propylene à Isopropyl Alcohol N-ButenesàSec-Butanol Acrylonitrile à Alkylamide HYDROCHLORINATION Alkenes Alcohols HYDROGENATION General Background Hydrogenation of Aromatic Rings Hydrogenation of Heterocyclic Compounds Hydrogenation of Aliphatic Unsaturates Hydrogenation of Nitriles to Amines Hydrogenation of Nitroaromatics Hydrogenation of Haloaromatics Hydrogenation of Carbonyl Compounds Hydrogenation of Resins, Rosins, and Waxes Selective Hydrogenation of Fats and Oils Miscellaneous Hydrogenations HYDROGENOLYSIS Natural Fatty Acids and Fatty Esters à Fatty Alcohols Dimethylterephthalate à 1,4 Dimethylolcyclohexane Toluene à Benzene (Hydroalkylation) Methyl and Dimethyl Napthalene ISOMERIZATION Meta-Xylene à Para and Ortho-Xylene OXIDATION (INORGANIC) Sulfur Dioxide à Sulfur Trioxide à Sulfuric Acid Ammonia à Nitric Oxide à Nitrogen Dioxide à Nitric Acid Hydfrogen Sulfide à Sulfur OXIDATION (ORGANICS) General Ethylene à Ethylene Oxide Propene à Acrolein Propene à Acrolein à Acrylic Acid Butane or Benzene à Maleic Anhydride Ortho-Xylene or Naphthalene à Phthalic Anhydride Anthracene à Anthraquinone Methanol à Formaldehyde Isobutylene or Tert-Butyl Alcohol à Methacrolein à Methacrylic Acid OXYCHLORINATION Ethylene à 1,2 Dichloroethane à Vinyl Chloride PETROLEUM REFINING Catalytic Reforming Hydroprocessing (General) Hydrotreating Hydrocracking Isomerization Oligomerization (Polymer Gasoline Production) Fluid Catalytic Cracking Oxygenates SYNTHESIS GAS AND ITS PRODUCTS Historical Background Modern Synthesis Gas Production High and Low Temperature Shift Conversion (CO + H2O à H2 + CO2) Naphtha Steam Reforming Methanol Synthesis (Carbon Monoxide + Hydrogen à Methanol) Pure Carbon Monoxide from Synthesis Gas and Its Uses Pure Hydrogen from Synthesis Gases and Its Uses Ammonia Synthesis (Nitrogen + Hydrogen à Ammonia) Appendix
\ BooknewsThis handbook offers the information necessary for numerous tasks, such as selecting a catalyst, designing a process, diagnosing operating problems, and improving existing processes. It provides an overview of 150 major commercial processes and the heterogeneous catalyst used for each. Rase (chemical engineering, University of Texas) draws from chemistry, thermodynamics, and surface science to develop a framework for reasoning about catalyst selection and performance. With information collected from the published literature, from the in-house specialists of commercial vendors, and from Rase's own experience, the book offers a background on commercial solid catalysts according to specific reactions or reaction types. Each entry is cross-indexed by reactants and products. Annotation c. Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)\ \
