Hurting the One You Love: Violence in Relationships

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Author: Irene Hanson Frieze

ISBN-10: 0534633161

ISBN-13: 9780534633165

Category: Psychology - Theory, History & Research

A groundbreaking book that has grown out of over 30 years of research, HURTING THE ONE YOU LOVE provides an overview of theory and research on all forms of violence in intimate relationships including violence in dating relationships and marriages, incest, rape and sexual victimization, date rape, stalking, child abuse and sexual harassment. HURTING THE ONE YOU LOVE also explores how violence affects the family and others who are close to the victim, and uses criminal justice data and...

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Frieze (psychology, women's studies, University of Pittsburgh) overviews the large body of empirical research on violence in relationships and interprets this data in the context of theoretical work on aggression and the causes of personal violence. Chapters cover learning and the environment in violence and aggression, biological factors, reactions to victimization, battered women, sexual assault, and child abuse. Chapter summaries, study questions, and lists of related Web sites are included. Annotation ©2004 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

Chapter 1Aggression in Everyday Life1What Is Aggression?1Violent and Nonviolent Aggression4Types of Violence in Relationships5Gender Differences in Violence and Aggression6Beliefs About Which Is the More Violent Sex6Societal Expectations for When People Should Be Aggressive6Gender Differences in Everyday Aggressive Behavior8Statistics on Criminal Violence9Gender Differences in Criminal Behavior10Victims of Criminal Violence11Violence From Strangers and Those We Know12Fear of Crime, Especially Violent Crime14Research on Victims of Violence and Those Who Are Aggressive15Methodology in Violence Research15Samples Used in Violence Research19Summary20Study Questions20Related Web Sites21Chapter 2Understanding Violence and Aggression: The Environment and Learning22Psychological Research on Aggression22Frustration and Aggression22Pain, Frustration, and Aggression23Environmental Disasters23Unpleasant Environmental Conditions23Psychological Frustration and Stress26Situations in Which Frustration Does Not Lead to Aggression27Arousal and Violence27Alcohol and Aggression29Other Forms of Arousal and Aggression32Women and Men as Targets of Aggression33Learning of Aggression34Conditioning and Rewards for Aggressiveness34Observational Learning36Television and Films as a Source of Models for Aggression36Aggression in Other Media40Effects of Pornography42Gender Socialization42Other Ways of Learning to Be Aggressive43Unlearning of Aggression43Training for Nonaggressive Reactions to Conflict45Summary45Study Questions46Related Web Sites46Chapter 3Understanding Violence and Aggression: Biological Factors in Aggression and the Aggressive Personality48Genetic Influences on Aggressiveness48Finding Genetic Influences by Studying Twins51Genetic Influences on Related Personality Characteristics53Testosterone and Aggressiveness54The Sex Hormones54Testosterone and Sexual Feelings56Testosterone and Male Aggression56Testosterone and the Environment57Treatment of Violent Sex Offenders by Removal of Testosterone58Female Sex Hormones and Testosterone59Testosterone and Dominance in Women61Other Correlates of Testosterone in Women and Men61Complications in Interpreting the Effects of Testosterone63The Aggressive Personality63"Normal" Aggression63Highly Aggressive Individuals64The Aggressive Personality in Children64Adult and Childhood Violence Are Not Always Related66Motivations for Aggression in Adults67Nonviolent Personality69Summary71Study Questions72Related Web Sites72Chapter 4Reactions to Victimization73Posttraumatic Stress Reactions74Events Producing Posttraumatic Stress Reactions75Predicting the Severity of Reactions to Trauma76Reactions to the Traumatic Event and to Fears of Future Victimization78Coping Responses79Escape and Emotional Withdrawal From What Happened80Isolation and Social Withdrawal81Problem Solving or Taking Action to Change the Situation81Fighting Back as a Form of Coping83Feeling Control Over One's Life84Helping Others to Feel Powerful and in Control85Self-Blame and Information Seeking85Redefining the Event87Focusing on the Positive89Seeking Help From Others89Futile Help Seeking90Positive Forms of Help From Others91Formal Psychological Help: Treatment After Psychological Trauma92Help from the Police and Social Agencies93Effectiveness of Different Coping Strategies93Summary94Study Questions95Related Web Sites95Chapter 5Battered Women and Intimate Terrorism96Societal Attitudes About Marital Violence96Research on Battered Women97Battered Wives and Severe Violence98Overview of the Development of Intimate Terrorism98Reasons Battered Women Stay and Leave103Reactions to Severe Intimate Partner Violence104Motives for Intimate Terrorism106Getting Help From Others109Help From Friends and Family109Other Sources of Help110Battered Women's Shelters111Formal Counseling Programs112Summary114Study Questions115Related Web Sites115Chapter 6Reexamining Intimate Partner Violence116Assumptions Held by Researchers About Intimate Partner Violence116How Common Is Male and Female Violence in Intimate Relationships?119Studies of Marital Violence119Studies of Dating Violence121Violence in Same-Sex Relationships124"Common" Couple Violence124Characteristics of Mutually Violent Relationships126Motives for Relationship Violence126Responses to Partner Violence130Female Violence Only134Empirical Research Comparing Types of Violent Marriages136Comparing Violent and Nonviolent Relationships138Summary139Study Questions140Related Web Sites141Chapter 7Rape and Sexual Assault142What Is Rape?142Formal Definitions of Rape142Victim Definitions of Rape144Gender Differences in Rape Definitions145Societal Attitudes About Rape145Beliefs About Male and Female Sexuality Within Christian Beliefs145Other Predictors of Belief in Rape Myths147How Often Does Rape Occur?148Community Samples148Female College Students150Comparing Stranger Sexual Assault and "Acquaintance" Sexual Assault151Forced Sex as a Form of Relationship Violence152Violence and Forced Sex in Marriages: Marital Rape153Unwanted Sex in Unmarried Women and Men154Reactions to Rape or Rape Attempts158Immediate Reactions to Rape Attempts158Long-Term Reactions to Rapes159Other Effects of Rape160Help Seeking in Rape Victims161Police and the Legal System161Professional Counseling162Motives for Rape: Who Are the Rapists?163Investigations of the Idea That Rape Is Normative163Specific Attitudes and Personality Factors That Predict Rape in Males164Multiple Types of Male Rapists?167Motives of Sexually Aggressive Women167Forced Sex May Not Always Be Unwanted168Summary170Study Questions171Related Web Sites171Chapter 8Child Abuse, Incest, and Learning to Be Violent172Defining Physical and Sexual Child Abuse172How Common Is Child Abuse?173Spanking and Physical Punishment173Finding Out About Serious Forms of Physical Punishment or Sexual Abuse175Statistics on Physical Child Abuse176Change in Statistics on Child Abuse177Characteristics of Physically Abusive Parents177Beliefs That Their Children Are Hostile178Parental Stress and Child Abuse178Intimate Partner Violence and Child Abuse178Other Characteristics of Abusive Parents179Consequences for the Child of Physical Abuse by Parents180Direct Effects of Physical Abuse on the Child180Observation of Adult Violence181Delinquency and Criminal Behavior181Effects of Negative Childhood Experiences on the Tendency to Rape182Lack of Parental Attention183The Cycle of Violence: Abused Children Grow Up to Be Violent Spouses183Not All Abused Children Become Abusive as Adults185Incest and Sexual Abuse of Children186Prevalence of Child Sex Abuse and Incest188Memory of Child Sexual Experiences189Father-Child Sexual Contact191Effects of Child Sex Experiences: Long-Term Psychological Reactions191Studies of Child Sex Experiences in Females193Studies of Child Sex Experiences in Males194Problems in Research on Abuse of Children196Summary196Study Questions197Related Web Sites198Chapter 9Summing Up199The Need for More Theoretical Context for Studies of Intimate Partner Violence200Reassessing Gender Differences in Aggression201Feminism and Beliefs About Male Aggression202Understanding Female Violence and Aggression203Are Overall Levels of Violence Decreasing?204Stopping Violence204Raising Nonviolent Children204Rape Prevention Programs205Treatment of Sex Offenders206What Is Nonviolence?206Conclusion206Study Questions206Related Web Sites207AppendixCase Studies208References228Name Index258Subject Index267

\ From the Publisher"I think the author has done a Herculean job in amassing and organizing the burgeoning research in this area. I feel this is a very important book for current and future scholars. This book is groundbreaking."\ \