Introduction to Global Health
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With A Unique Emphasis On Possible Solutions To World Health Problems, This Book Addresses All The Key Issues Of Global Health At A Level Basic Enough That Students From A Variety Of Majors Can Understand The Material. It Will Give The Reader:An Understanding Of Biological And Social Aspects Of Major Global Health Issues, Especially In The Areas Of Infectious Disease, Nutrition, And Environmental Health. A Knowledge Of Population Groups That Are At Increased Risk Of Poor Health And Familiarity With Policies And Programs Designed To Reduce Health Inequalities. A Familiarity With Global Health Vocabulary, The Basic Methods Used To Assess Global Health, And The Tools To Locate And Understand Additional Global Health Information. The Author Has Included Over 170 Tables And Figures To Illustrate Important Concepts As Well As A Supplemental Chapter On How To Read Journal Articles. The Text Is Also Accompanied By Downloadable Instructor Resources Including Powerpoint Slides, A Testbank, And An Instructor’S Manual With Suggested Discussion Questions And Sample Syllabi.
Preface ixGlobal Health 1What Is Global Health? 1What Is Health? 2Medicine and Public Health 3Studying Population Health 7Person 7Place 7Time 8Risk Factors 8Causal Webs 11Prevention 13Screening 14Selecting Interventions 16References 18Health Inequalities 19Health Inequalities 20Causes of Death 23Injuries 24Non-communicable Conditions 27Infectious Diseases and Other Conditions 30Inequalities in Causes of Death 31References 36Socioeconomic Context of Disease 39Socioeconomic Risk Factors 40Poverty 41Economic Indicators 43Employment and Occupational Status 48Literacy and Educational Level 50References 54Maternal and Child Health 55Causes of Child Death 55Pneumonia 58Diarrhea 61Malaria 62Measles 63Undernutrition 64Child Health Initiatives 65Protecting Children 69Women's Health 70Maternal Health 72Family Planning 76Population Growth 82Demography 83Population Planning Policies 88References 89The Health of Special Populations 91Ethnic, Racial, Religious, and Tribal Minorities 92Immigrants, Refugees, and Internally Displaced People 94Prisoners 96Persons with Mental Illness 98Measuring the Burden of Disease 101Persons with Physical Impairments 101Landmines 106Older Persons 108References 113The Spread of Infectious Diseases 115Infection Transmission 116The Disease Process 119Agent, Host, Environment 122Agent 122Host 139Environment 140Vector 141Measuring Disease in Populations 142Disease Control 144References 146HIV/AIDS, Malaria, and TB 149HIV/AIDS 149Malaria 158Tuberculosis (TB) 163Comparison of HIV/AIDS, Malaria, and TB 166References 167Globalization and Emerging Infectious Diseases 169"The Epidemiologic Transition" and Globalization 169Emerging Infectious Diseases 171Influenza 174Bioterrorism 176References 178Nutrition 181Essential Nutrients 181Undernutrition 189Vitamin and Mineral Deficiencies 190Vitamin A Deficiency 193Iodine Deficiency Disorders 194Iron Deficiency Anemia 194Zinc Deficiency 196Measuring Nutritional Status 196Breastfeeding 199Globalization and Food Safety 201Overnutrition 203Is There Enough Food in the World? 207References 209Environmental Health 211History of Environmental Health 211What Is Environmental Health? 212The Home Environment 214Water 215Sanitation 222Fuel and Indoor Air Quality 225Conclusion 227References 228Health Effects of Environmental Change 229Health Impacts of Local Environmental Change 229Urbanization 234The Work Environment 237Community Health Action 240Global Environmental Change 242References 245Global Health Payers and Players 247Who Pays for Health? 247Paying for Personal Health 247Paying for Public Health 252International Funding and Debt Relief 253Who Implements Health Programs? 256National and Local Governments 256United Nations Agencies 257National Governmental Organizations 259Non-Governmental Organizations 265International Businesses 269References 270Global Health Priorities 273Health and Human Rights 273Trade Agreements, Intellectual Property Rights, and Health 277Priorities in Global Health 279Millennium Development Goals 282How Much Will It Cost? 285References 288Learning More about Global Public Health 291Information Sources 291Reading an Abstract 293Finding Reliable Articles 294Epidemiologic Study Designs 296Ecological Surveys 296Cross-Sectional Surveys 299Case-Control Studies 300Cohort Studies 303Clinical Trials 306Research Ethics 308Interpreting Measures of Association 310Bias and Confounding 313Validity 314References 319Countries of the World by WHO Region 321Constitution of the World Health Organization 326Convention on the Rights of the Child 329Universal Declaration of Human Rights 331Millennium Development Goals, Targets, and Indicators 336Preventive and Treatment Interventions for Major Health Issues 340Recommended Childhood Immunizations 343Index 345
