Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, Drama, and Writing

** Indicates new selectionsFictionInterview with Amy Tan1. Reading a Story The Art of FictionTypes of Short FictionW. Somerset Maugham, The Appointment in SamarraAesop, The North Wind and the Sun** Bidpai, The Tortoise and the GeeseChuang Tzu, IndependenceJakob and Wilhelm Grimm, Godfather DeathPlotThe Short StoryJohn Updike, A & PWriting EffectivelyWriters on WritingJohn Updike, Why Write?Thinking About PlotChecklist: Writing About PlotWriting Assignment on PlotMore Topics for WritingTerms for Review2. Point of View Identifying Point of ViewTypes of NarratorsStream of ConsciousnessWilliam Faulkner, A Rose for EmilyEdgar Allan Poe, The Tell-Tale Heart** Virginia Woolf, A Haunted House** Eudora Welty, Why I Live at the P. O.James Baldwin, Sonny’s BluesWriting EffectivelyWriters on WritingJames Baldwin, Race and the African American WriterThinking About Point of ViewChecklist: Writing About Point of ViewWriting Assignment on Point of ViewMore Topics for WritingTerms for Review3. CharacterTypes of CharactersKatherine Anne Porter, The Jilting of Granny WeatherallKatherine Mansfield, Miss Brill** Naguib Mahfouz, The LawsuitRaymond Carver, CathedralWriting EffectivelyWriters on WritingRaymond Carver, Commonplace but Precise LanguageThinking About CharacterChecklist: Writing About CharacterWriting Assignment on CharacterMore Topics for WritingTerms for Review4. Setting Elements of SettingHistorical FictionRegionalismNaturalismKate Chopin, The StormJack London, To Build a FireT. Coraghessan Boyle, Greasy LakeAmy Tan, A Pair of TicketsWriting EffectivelyWriters on WritingAmy Tan, Setting the VoiceThinking About SettingChecklist: Writing About SettingWriting Assignment on SettingMore Topics for WritingTerms for Review5. Tone and Style ToneStyleDictionErnest Hemingway, A Clean, Well-Lighted PlaceWilliam Faulkner, Barn BurningIronyO. Henry, The Gift of the MagiHa Jin, SaboteurWriting EffectivelyWriters on WritingErnest Hemingway, The Direct StyleThinking About Tone and StyleChecklist: Writing About Tone and StyleWriting Assignment on Tone and StyleMore Topics for WritingTerms for Review6. Theme Plot vs. ThemeTheme as Unifying DeviceFinding the ThemeStephen Crane, The Open BoatAlice Munro, How I Met My HusbandLuke 15:11–32, The Parable of the Prodigal SonKurt Vonnegut, Jr., Harrison BergeronWriting EffectivelyWriters on WritingKurt Vonnegut, Jr., The Themes of Science FictionThinking About ThemeChecklist: Writing about ThemeWriting Assignment on ThemeMore Topics for WritingTerms for Review7. Symbol AllegorySymbolsRecognizing SymbolsJohn Steinbeck, The Chrysanthemums** John Cheever, The SwimmerUrsula K. Le Guin, The Ones Who Walk Away from OmelasShirley Jackson, The LotteryWriting EffectivelyWriters on WritingShirley Jackson, Biography of a StoryThinking About SymbolsChecklist: Writing About SymbolsWriting Assignment on SymbolsStudent Paper, An Analysis of the Symbolism in Steinbeck’s “The Chrysanthemums”More Topics for WritingTerms for Review8. Reading Long Stories and Novels Origins of the NovelRomanceNovels and JournalismShort Novels and NovellasThe Future of the NovelLeo Tolstoy, The Death of Ivan IlychFranz Kafka, The MetamorphosisWriting EffectivelyWriters on WritingFranz Kafka, Discussing The MetamorphosisThinking About Long Stories and NovelsChecklist: Writing About Ideas for a Research PaperWriting Assignment for a Research PaperStudent Paper, Kafka’s GreatnessMore Topics for WritingTerms for Review9. Latin American Fiction Jorge Luis Borges, The Gospel According to MarkOctavio Paz, My Life with the Wave** Gabriel García Márquez, A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings** Inés Arredondo, The ShunammiteWriting EffectivelyWriters on WritingGabriel García Márquez, My Beginnings As A WriterTopics for Writing on “The Gospel According to Mark”Topics for Writing on “My Life with Wave”Topics for Writing on “a very old man with enormous wings”Topics for Writing on “The Shunammite”10. Critical Casebook: Flannery O’Connor Flannery O’Connor, A Good Man Is Hard to FindFlannery O’Connor, RevelationFlannery O’Connor, Parker’s BackFlannery O’Connor on WritingFrom “On Her Own Work”On Her Catholic FaithFrom “The Grotesque in Southern Fiction”Yearbook CartoonsCritics on Flannery O’ConnorJ. O. Tate, A Good Source Is Not So Hard to Find: The Real Life MisfitMary Jane Schenck, Deconstructing “A Good Man Is Hard to Find”Louise S. Cowann The Character of Mrs. Turpin in “Revelation”Kathleen Feeley, The Mystery of Divine Direction: “Parker’s Back”Writing EffectivelyTopics for Writing11. Critical Casebook: Three Stories in DepthNathaniel HawthorneYoung Goodman Brown** Nathaniel Hawthorne on Writing** Reflections on Truth and Clarity in Literature** Criticizing His Own WorkCritics on Hawthorne** Herman Melville, Excerpt from a Review of “Mosses from and Old Manse”** Edgar Allan Poe, The Genius of Hawthorne's Short StoriesCritics on “Young Goodman Brown”** Richard H. Fogle, Ambiguity in “Young Goodman Brown”** Paul J. Hurley, Evil Wherever He Looks** Nancy Bunge, Complacency and CommunityCharlotte Perkins GilmanThe Yellow WallpaperCharlotte Perkins Gilman on WritingWhy I Wrote “The Yellow Wallpaper”Whatever IsThe Nervous Breakdown of WomenCritics on “The Yellow Wallpaper”Juliann Fleenor, Gender and Pathology in “The Yellow Wallpaper”Sandra M. Gilbert and Susan Gubar, Imprisonment and Escape: The Psychology of ConfinementElizabeth Ammons, Biographical Echoes in “The Yellow Wallpaper”Alice WalkerEveryday UseAlice Walker on WritingThe Black Woman Writer in AmericaReflections on Writing and Women's LivesCritics on “Everyday Use”Barbara T. Christian, “Everyday Use” and the Black Power MovementHouston A. Baker and Charlotte Pierce-Baker, Stylish vs. Sacred in “Everyday Use”Elaine Showalter, Quilt as Metaphor in “Everyday Use”Writing EffectivelyTopics for Writing on “Young Goodman Brown”Topics for Writing on “The Yellow Wallpaper”Topics for Writing on “Everyday Use”12. Stories for Further Reading Chinua Achebe, Dead Men’s Path** Sherman Alexie, This Is What It Means to Say Phoenix, ArizonaMargaret Atwood, Happy EndingsAmbrose Bierce, An Occurrence at Owl Creek BridgeWilla Cather, Paul’s CaseAnton Chekhov, The Lady with the Pet DogKate Chopin, The Story of an HourSandra Cisneros, The House on Mango StreetRalph Ellison, Battle RoyalZora Neale Hurston, SweatJames Joyce, Araby** Franz Kafka, Before the LawJamaica Kincaid, GirlJhumpa Lahiri, Interpreter of MaladiesD. H. Lawrence, The Rocking-Horse WinnerBobbie Ann Mason, Shiloh** Lorrie Moore, How To Become A WriterJoyce Carol Oates, Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?Tim O’Brien, The Things They CarriedTillie Olsen, I Stand Here IroningTobias Wolff, The Rich BrotherPoetry Interview with Kay Ryan13. Reading a Poem Poetry or VerseReading a PoemParaphraseWilliam Butler Yeats, The Lake Isle of InnisfreeLyric PoetryRobert Hayden, Those Winter SundaysAdrienne Rich, Aunt Jennifer’s TigersNarrative PoetryAnonymous, Sir Patrick SpenceRobert Frost, “Out, Out—”Dramatic PoetryRobert Browning, My Last DuchessDidactic PoetryWriting EffectivelyWriters on WritingAdrienne Rich, Recalling “Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers”Thinking About ParaphraseWilliam Stafford, Ask MeWilliam Stafford, A Paraphrase of “Ask Me”Checklist: Writing a ParaphraseWriting Assignment on ParaphrasingMore Topics for WritingTerms for Review14. Listening to a VoiceToneTheodore Roethke, My Papa’s WaltzCountee Cullen, For a Lady I KnowAnne Bradstreet, The Author to Her BookWalt Whitman, To a Locomotive in WinterEmily Dickinson, I like to see it lap the Miles** Kevin Young, Doo WopWeldon Kees, For My DaughterThe Person in the PoemNatasha Trethewey, White LiesEdwin Arlington Robinson, Luke HavergalTed Hughes, Hawk RoostingSuji Kwock Kim, Monologue for an OnionWilliam Wordsworth, I Wandered Lonely as a CloudDorothy Wordsworth, Journal EntryJames Stephens, A Glass of BeerAnne Sexton, Her KindWilliam Carlos Williams, The Red WheelbarrowIronyRobert Creeley, Oh NoW. H. Auden, The Unknown CitizenSharon Olds, Rites of Passage** Rod Taylor, Dakota: October, 1822: Hunkpapa WarriorSarah N. Cleghorn, The Golf LinksEdna St. Vincent Millay, Second Fig** Dorothy Parker, Comment** Bob Hicok, Making It In PoetryThomas Hardy, The WorkboxFor Review and Further StudyWilliam Blake, The Chimney Sweeper** Erich Fried, The Measures TakenWilliam Stafford, At the Un-National Monument Along the Canadian BorderRichard Lovelace, To LucastaWilfred Owen, Dulce et Decorum EstWriting EffectivelyWriters on WritingWilfred Owen, War PoetryThinking About ToneChecklist: Writing about ToneWriting Assignment on ToneStudent Paper, Word Choice, Tone, and Point of View in Roethke’s “My Papa’s Waltz”More Topics for WritingTerms for Review15. WordsLiteral Meaning: What a Poem Says FirstWilliam Carlos Williams, This Is Just to SayDictionMarianne Moore, SilenceRobert Graves, Down, Wanton, Down!John Donne, Batter my heart, three-personed God, for YouThe Value of a DictionaryHenry Wadsworth Longfellow, Aftermath** Kay Ryan, ChemiseJ. V. Cunningham, Friend, on this scaffold Thomas More lies deadCarl Sandburg, Grass** Dan Anderson, Dog HaikuWord Choice and Word OrderRobert Herrick, Upon Julia’s Clothes** Robert Burns, Auld Lang SyneKay Ryan, BlandeurThomas Hardy, The Ruined MaidRichard Eberhart, The Fury of Aerial BombardmentWendy Cope, Lonely HeartsFor Review and Further StudyE. E. Cummings, anyone lived in a pretty how townBilly Collins, The Names** Charles Bukowski, DostoevskyAnonymous, Carnation MilkGina Valdés, English con SalsaLewis Carroll, JabberwockyWriting EffectivelyWriters on WritingLewis Carroll, Humpty Dumpty Explicates “Jabberwocky”Thinking About DictionChecklist: Writing About dictionWriting Assignment on Word ChoiceMore Topics for WritingTerms for Review16. Saying and Suggesting Denotation and ConnotationJohn Masefield, CargoesWilliam Blake, LondonWallace Stevens, Disillusionment of Ten O’ClockGwendolyn Brooks, Southeast CornerTimothy Steele, EpitaphE. E. Cummings, next to of course god america iRobert Frost, Fire and Ice** Diane Thiel, The Minefield** Ron Rash, The Day the Gates ClosedAlfred, Lord Tennyson, Tears, Idle TearsRichard Wilbur, Love Calls Us to the Things of This WorldWriting EffectivelyWriters on WritingRichard Wilbur, Concerning “Love Calls Us to the Things of This World”Thinking About Denotation and ConnotationChecklist: writing about What a Poem SAYS AND SuggestsWriting Assignment on Denotation and ConnotationMore Topics for WritingTerms for Review17. Imagery Ezra Pound, In a Station of the MetroTaniguchi Buson, The Piercing Chill I FeelImageryT. S. Eliot, The Winter Evening Settles DownTheodore Roethke, Root CellarElizabeth Bishop, The Fish** Rainer Maria Rilke, The PantherCharles Simic, ForkEmily Dickinson, A Route of EvanescenceJean Toomer, ReapersGerard Manley Hopkins, Pied BeautyAbout HaikuArakida Moritake, The falling flowerMatsuo Basho, Heat-lightning streakMatsuo Basho, In the old stone poolTaniguchi Buson, On the one-ton temple bell** Taniguchi Buson, Moonrise on mudflatsKobayashi Issa, Only One GuyKobayashi Issa, CricketHaiku from Japanese Internment Camps** Suiko Matsushita, Cosmos in Bloom** Neiji Ozawa, The War—This YearHakuro Wada, Even the Croaking of FrogsContemporary HaikuEtheridge Knightn Making jazz swing inLee Gurga, Visitor’s RoomPenny Harter, broken bowlJennifer Brutschy, Born AgainJohn Ridland, The Lazy Man’s HaikuGarry Gay, Hole in the OzoneFor Review and Further StudyJohn Keats, Bright star! Would I Were Steadfast as Thou ArtWalt Whitman, The RunnerT. E. Hulme, ImageWilliam Carlos Williams, El HombreRobert Bly, Driving to Town Late to Mail a Letter** Paul Goodman, Birthday CakeLouise Glück, Mock OrangeBilly Collins, Embrace** Kevin Prufer, Pause, PauseStevie Smith, Not Waving but DrowningWriting EffectivelyWriters on WritingEzra Pound, The ImageThinking About ImageryChecklist: Writing about ImageryWriting Assignment on ImageryStudent Paper, FADED BEAUTY: Elizabeth Bishop’s Use of Imagery in “The Fish”More Topics for WritingTerms for Review18. Figures of Speech Why Speak Figuratively?Alfred, Lord Tennyson, The EagleWilliam Shakespeare, Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?Howard Moss, Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer’s Day?Metaphor and SimileEmily Dickinson, My Life had stood – a Loaded GunAlfred, Lord Tennyson, Flower in the Crannied WallWilliam Blake, To see a world in a grain of sandSylvia Plath, MetaphorsN. Scott Momaday, SimileEmily Dickinson, It dropped so low – in my Regard** Jill Alexander Essbaum, The HeartCraig Raine, A Martian Sends a Postcard HomeOther Figures of SpeechJames Stephens, The WindMargaret Atwood, You fit into meGeorge Herbert, The PulleyDana Gioia, MoneyCharles Simic, My Shoes** Carl Sandburg, FogFor Review and Further StudyRobert Frost, The Silken TentJane Kenyon, The SuitorRobert Frost, The Secret SitsA. R. Ammons, CowardKay Ryan, Turtle** Anne Stevenson, The DemolitionRobinson Jeffers, HandsRobert Burns, Oh, my love is like a red, red roseWriting EffectivelyWriters on WritingRobert Frost, The Importance of Poetic MetaphorThinking About MetaphorsChecklist: Writing About MetaphorsWriting Assignment on Figures of SpeechMore Topics for WritingTerms for Review19. Song Singing and SayingBen Jonson, To Celia** James Weldon Johnson, Since You Went AwayWilliam Shakespeare, O mistress mineEdwin Arlington Robinson, Richard CoryPaul Simon, Richard CoryBalladsAnonymous, Bonny Barbara AllanDudley Randall, Ballad of BirminghamBluesBessie Smith with Clarence Williams, Jailhouse BluesW. H. Auden, Funeral Blues** Kevin Young, Late BluesRapRun D.M.C., from Peter PiperFor Review and Further StudyJohn Lennon and Paul McCartney, Eleanor RigbyBob Dylan, The Times They Are a-Changin’Aimee Mann, DeathlyWriting EffectivelyWriters on WritingPaul McCartney, Creating “Eleanor Rigby”Thinking About Poetry and SongChecklist: Writing About Song LyricsWriting Assignment on Song LyricsMore Topics for WritingTerms for Review20. Sound Sound as MeaningAlexander Pope, True Ease in Writing comes from Art, not ChanceWilliam Butler Yeats, Who Goes with Fergus?John Updike, RecitalWilliam Wordsworth, A Slumber Did My Spirit SealEmanuel di Pasquale, RainAphra Behn, When maidens are youngAlliteration and AssonanceA. E. Housman, Eight O’ClockJames Joyce, All day I hearAlfred, Lord Tennyson, The Splendor Falls on Castle WallsRimeWilliam Cole, On my boat on Lake CayugaHilaire Belloc, The HippopotamusOgden Nash, The PantherWilliam Butler Yeats, Leda and the SwanGerard Manley Hopkins, God’s Grandeur** William Jay Smith, A Note on the Vanity DresserRobert Frost, Desert PlacesReading and Hearing Poems AloudMichael Stillman, In Memoriam John ColtraneWilliam Shakespeare, Full fathom five thy father liesT. S. Eliot, VirginiaWriting EffectivelyWriters on WritingT. S. Eliot, The Music of PoetryThinking About a Poem's SoundChecklist: Writing About a Poem’s SoundWriting Assignment on SoundMore Topics for WritingTerms for Review21. Rhythm Stresses and PausesGwendolyn Brooks, We Real CoolAlfred, Lord Tennyson, Break, Break, BreakBen Jonson, Slow, Slow, Fresh Fount, Keep Time With My Salt TearsDorothy Parker, RésuméMeterEdna St. Vincent Millay, Counting-out RhymeJacqueline Osherow, Song for the Music in the Warsaw GhettoA. E. Housman, When I was one-and-twentyWilliam Carlos Williams, Smell!Walt Whitman, Beat! Beat! Drums!David Mason, Song of the PowersLangston Hughes, Dream BoogieWriting EffectivelyWriters on WritingGwendolyn Brooks, Hearing “We Real Cool”Thinking About RhythmChecklist: Scanning a PoemWriting Assignment on RhythmMore Topics for WritingTerms for Review22. Closed Form Formal PatternsJohn Keats, This living hand, now warm and capableRobert Graves, Counting the BeatsJohn Donne, Song (“Go and Catch a Falling Star”)Phillis Levin, Brief BioThe SonnetWilliam Shakespeare, Let Me Not to the Marriage of True MindsMichael Drayton, Since There's No Help, Come Let Us Kiss and PartEdna St. Vincent Millay, What lips my lips have kissed, and where, and whyRobert Frost, Acquainted with the Night** William Meredith, The IlliterateKim Addonizio, First Poem for You** Mark Jarman, Unholy Sonnet: After the PrayingA. E. Stallings, Sine Qua NonR. S. Gwynn, Shakespearean SonnetThe EpigramAlexander Pope, Epigram Engraved on the Collar of a DogSir John Harrington, Of TreasonRobert Herrick, ModerationWilliam Blake, Her Whole Life Is An EpigramE. E. Cummings, a politicianLangston Hughes, PrayerJ. V. Cunningham, This HumanistJohn Frederick Nims, ContemplationBrad Leithauser, A Venus FlytrapDick Davis, FatherhoodAnonymous, Epitaph of a DentistHilaire Belloc, FatigueWendy Cope, Variation on Belloc’s “Fatigue”Other FormsDylan Thomas, Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good NightRobert Bridges, TrioletElizabeth Bishop, SestinaWriting EffectivelyWriters on WritingA. E. Stallings, On Form and ArtificeThinking About a SonnetChecklist: Writing About a SonnetWriting Assignment on a SonnetMore Topics for WritingTerms for Review23. Open Form Denise Levertov, Ancient StairwayE. E. Cummings, Buffalo Bill ’sW. S. Merwin, For the Anniversary of My DeathWilliam Carlos Williams, The DanceStephen Crane, The HeartWalt Whitman, Cavalry Crossing a FordEzra Pound, SalutationWallace Stevens, Thirteen Ways of Looking at a BlackbirdProse PoetryCarolyn Forché, The ColonelCharles Simic, The Magic Study of HappinessVisual PoetryGeorge Herbert, Easter WingsJohn Hollander, Swan and Shadow** Richard Kostelanetz, Simultaneous TranslationsDorthi Charles, Concrete CatSeeing the Logic of Open Form VerseE. E. Cummings, in Just-** A. E. Stallings, First Love: A Quiz** David Lehman, RadioCarole Satyamurti, I Shall Paint My Nails Red** Alice Fulton, What I LikeWriting EffectivelyWriters on WritingWalt Whitman, The Poetry of the FutureThinking About Free VerseChecklist: Writing about free verseWriting Assignment on Open FormMore Topics for WritingTerms for Review24. Symbol T. S. Eliot, The Boston Evening TranscriptEmily Dickinson, The Lightning is a yellow ForkThomas Hardy, Neutral TonesMatthew 13:24-30, The Parable of the Good SeedGeorge Herbert, The WorldEdwin Markham, OutwittedRobert Frost, The Road Not TakenChristina Rossetti, UphillFor Review and Further StudyWilliam Carlos Williams, The TermTed Kooser, Carrie** Mary Oliver, Wild GeeseLorine Niedecker, Popcorn-can cover** Wallace Stevens, The Snow ManWallace Stevens, Anecdote of the JarWriting EffectivelyWriters on WritingWilliam Butler Yeats, Poetic SymbolsThinking About SymbolsChecklist: Writing About SymbolsWriting Assignment on SymbolismMore Topics for WritingTerms for Review25. Myth and Narrative Robert Frost, Nothing Gold Can.William Wordsworth, The world is too much with usH. D., Helen** Constantine Cavafy, IThacaArchetypeLouise Bogan, MedusaJohn Keats, La Belle Dame sans MerciPersonal MythWilliam Butler Yeats, The Second ComingGregory Orr, Two Lines from the Brothers GrimmMyth and Popular CultureCharles Martin, Taken UpAndrea Hollander Budy, Snow WhiteAnne Sexton, CinderellaWriting EffectivelyWriters on WritingAnne Sexton, Transforming Fairy TalesThinking About MythChecklist: Writing About MythWriting Assignment on MythStudent Paper, The Bonds Between Love and Hatred in H. D.’s “Helen”More Topics for WritingTerms for Review26. Poetry and Personal Identity Sylvia Plath, Lady LazarusRhina Espaillat, Bilingual/BilingüeCulture, Race, and EthnicityClaude McKay, AmericaSamuel Menashe, The Shrine Whose Shape I AmFrancisco X. Alarcón, The X in My NameJudith Ortiz Cofer, Quiñceañera** Sherman Alexie, The Powwow at the End of the WorldYusef Komunyakaa, Facing ItGenderAnne Stevenson, Sous-Entendu** Bettie Sellers, In the Counselor's Waiting roomDonald Justice, Men at FortyAdrienne Rich, WomenFor Review and Further StudyShirley Geok-lin Lim, Learning to Love AmericaPhilip Larkin, AubadeWriting EffectivelyWriters on WritingRhina Espaillat, Being a Bilingual WriterThinking About Poetry of Personal IdentityChecklist: Writing About Voice and Personal IdentityWriting Assignment on Personal IdentityMore Topics for Writing27. Translation Is Poetic Translation Possible?World PoetryLi Po, Moon-Beneath Alone Drink (literal translation)Translated by Arthur Waley, Drinking Alone by MoonlightComparing TranslationsHorace, “Carpe Diem” Ode (Latin text)Horace, Seize the Day (literal translation)Translated by Edwin Arlington Robinson, Horace to LeuconoeTranslated by James Michie, Don’t AskTranslated by A. E. Stallings, A New Year’s ToastOmar Khayyam, Rubaiyati** Translated by Edward FitzGerald, XII: A Book of Verses Underneath the Bough** Translated by Edward FitzGerald, VII: Come, Fill the Cup** Translated by Edward FitzGerald, XIII: Some for the Glories of this World** Translated by Edward FitzGerald, XXIV: Ah, Make the Most of What We Yet May Spend** Translated by Edward FitzGerald, LXXI: The Moving Finger writes** Translated by Edward FitzGerald, XCIX: Ah Love! Could You and I with Him ConspireParodyAnonymous, We four lads from Liverpool areHugh Kingsmill, What, still alive at twenty-two?** Stanley J. Sharpless, How Do I Hate You? Let Me Count the WaysGene Fehler, If Richard Lovelace Became a Free AgentAaron Abeyta, thirteen ways of looking at a tortillaWriting EffectivelyWriters on WritingArthur Waley, The Method of TranslationThinking About a ParodyChecklist: Writing About a ParodyWriting Assignment on ParodyMore Topics for Writing28. Poetry in Spanish: Literature of Latin America Sor Juana, Presente en que el Cariño Hace Regalo la LlanezaTranslated by Diane Thiel, A Simple Gift Made Rich by AffectionPablo Neruda, Muchos SomosTranslated by Alastair Reid, We Are ManyJorge Luis Borges, Amorosa AnticipaciónTranslated by Robert Fitzgerald, Anticipation of LoveOctavio Paz, Con los ojos cerradosTranslated by Eliot Weinberger, With Eyes ClosedSurrealism in Latin American PoetryFrida Kahlo, The Two FridasCésar Vallejo, La cólera que quiebra al hombre en niñosTranslated by Thomas Merton, AngerContemporary Mexican PoetryJosé Emilio Pacheco, Alta TraiciónTranslated by Alastair Reid, High TreasonTedi López Mills, ConvalecenciaTranslated by Cheryl Clark, Convalescence** Francisco Segovia, Cada árbol en Su SombraTranslated by Don Share with César Perez, Every Tree in Its ShadowWriters on TranslatingAlastair Reid, Translating NerudaWriting Assignment on Spanish PoetryMore Topics for Writing29. Recognizing ExcellenceAnonymous, O Moon, when I gaze on thy beautiful faceEmily Dickinson, A Dying Tiger – moaned for DrinkRod McKuen, Thoughts on Capital PunishmentWilliam Stafford, Traveling Through the Dark** Dylan Thomas, In My Craft or Sullen ArtRecognizing ExcellenceWilliam Butler Yeats, Sailing to ByzantiumArthur Guiterman, On the Vanity of Earthly GreatnessPercy Bysshe Shelley, OzymandiasRobert Hayden, The WhippingElizabeth Bishop, One ArtW. H. Auden, September 1, 1939Walt Whitman, O Captain! My Captain!Paul Laurence Dunbar, We Wear the MaskEmma Lazarus, The New ColossusEdgar Allan Poe, Annabel LeeWriting EffectivelyWriters on WritingEdgar Allan Poe, A Long Poem Does Not ExistThinking About an EvaluationChecklist: Writing an EvaluationWriting Assignment on Evaluating a PoemMore Topics for Writing30. What Is Poetry? Archibald MacLeish, Ars PoeticaDante, Samuel Johnson, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, William Wordsworth, Thomas Carlyle, Thomas Hardy, Emily Dickinson, Gerard Manley Hopkins, Robert Frost, Wallace Stevens, Mina Loy, T. S. Eliot, W. H. Auden, J. V. Cunningham, **José Garcia Villa, **Christopher Fry, Elizabeth Bishop, **Joy Harjo, Jorge Luis Borges, Octavio Paz, William Stafford, **Charles Simi , Some Definitions of Poetry –Ha Jin, Missed Time31. Two Critical CasebooksEmily Dickinson and Langston HughesEmily DickinsonSuccess is counted sweetestWild Nights – Wild Nights!** There’s a certain Slant of lightI Felt a Funeral, in my BrainI’m Nobody! Who are you?The Soul selects her own SocietySome keep the Sabbath going to ChurchAfter great pain, a formal feeling comes** Much Madness is divinest SenseThis is my letter to the WorldI heard a Fly buzz – when I diedI started Early – Took my DogBecause I could not stop for DeathThe Bustle in a HouseTell all the Truth but tell it slantEmily Dickinson on Emily DickinsonRecognizing PoetrySelf-DescriptionCritics on Emily DickinsonThomas Wentworth Higginson, Meeting Emily DickinsonThomas H. Johnson, The Discovery of Emily Dickinson’s ManuscriptsRichard Wilbur, The Three Privations of Emily DickinsonCynthia Griffin Wolff, Dickinson and Death (A Reading of “Because I could not stop for Death”)Judith Farr, A Reading of “My Life had stood – a Loaded Gun”Langston HughesThe Negro Speaks of Rivers** My PeopleMother to SonDream VariationsI, TooThe Weary BluesSong for a Dark GirlPrayerBallad of the LandlordEndTheme for English BSubway Rush HourHarlem [Dream Deferred]** HomecomingAs Befits a ManLangston Hughes on Langston HughesThe Negro Artist and the Racial MountainThe Harlem RenaissanceCritics on Langston HughesArnold Rampersad, Hughes as an ExperimentalistRita Dove and Marilyn Nelson, Langston Hughes and HarlemDarryl Pinckney, Black Identity in Langston HughesPeter Townsend, Langston Hughes and JazzOnwuchekwa Jemie, A Reading of “Dream Deferred”Topics for Writing About Emily DickinsonTopics for Writing About Langston Hughes32. Critical Casebook: T. S. Eliot’s “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock”T. S. EliotThe Love Song of J. Alfred PrufrockPublishing “Prufrock”The Reviewers on PrufrockUnsigned, Review from Times Literary SupplementUnsigned, Review from Literary WorldUnsigned, Review from New StatesmanConrad Aiken, From “Divers Realists,” The DialBabette Deutsch, from “Another Impressionist,” The New RepublicMarianne Moore, From “A Note on T. S. Eliot’s Book,” PoetryMay Sinclair, From “Prufrock and Other Observations: A Criticism,” The Little ReviewT. S. Eliot on WritingPoetry and EmotionThe Objective CorrelativeThe Difficulty of PoetryCritics on “Prufrock”Denis Donoghue, One of the Irrefutable PoetsChristopher Ricks, What’s in a Name?Philip R. Headings, The Pronouns in the Poem: “One,” “You,” and “I”Maud Ellmann, Will There Be Time?Burton Raffel, “Indeterminacy” in Eliot’s PoetryJohn Berryman, Prufrock’s DilemmaM. L. Rosenthal, Adolescents SingingTopics for Writing33. Poems for Further Reading Anonymous, Lord RandallAnonymous, The Three RavensAnonymous, Last Words of the ProphetMatthew Arnold, Dover BeachJohn Ashbery, At North FarmMargaret Atwood, Siren SongW. H. Auden, As I Walked Out One EveningW. H. Auden, Musée des Beaux Arts** Jimmy Baca, Spliced WireElizabeth Bishop, Filling StationWilliam Blake, The TygerWilliam Blake, The Sick RoseGwendolyn Brooks, The Mother** Gwendolyn Brooks, The Rites for Cousin VitElizabeth Barrett Browning, How Do I Love Thee? Let Me Count the WaysRobert Browning, Soliloquy of the Spanish CloisterGeoffrey Chaucer, Merciless BeautyJohn Ciardi, Most Like an Arch This MarriageSamuel Taylor Coleridge, Kubla KhanBilly Collins, Care and FeedingHart Crane, My Grandmother’s Love LettersE. E. Cummings, somewhere i have never travelled, gladly beyondMarisa de los Santos, Perfect DressJohn Donne, Death be not proudJohn Donne, The FleaJohn Donne, A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning** Rita Dove, DaystarJohn Dryden, To the Memory of Mr. OldhamT. S. Eliot, Journey of the MagiRobert Frost, BirchesRobert Frost, Mending WallRobert Frost, Stopping by Woods on a Snowy EveningAllen Ginsberg, A Supermarket in CaliforniaDonald Hall, Names of HorsesThomas Hardy, The Convergence of the TwainThomas Hardy, The Darkling ThrushThomas Hardy, HapSeamus Heaney, Digging** Anthony Hecht, The VowGeorge Herbert, LoveRobert Herrick, To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time** Tony Hoagland, BeautyGerard Manley Hopkins, Spring and FallGerard Manley Hopkins, No worst, there is noneGerard Manley Hopkins, The WindhoverA. E. Housman, Loveliest of trees, the cherry nowA. E. Housman, To an Athlete Dying YoungRandall Jarrell, The Death of the Ball Turret GunnerRobinson Jeffers, To the Stone-cuttersBen Jonson, On My First SonDonald Justice, On the Death of Friends in ChildhoodJohn Keats, Ode on a Grecian UrnJohn Keats, When I have fears that I may cease to beJohn Keats, To AutumnTed Kooser, Abandoned FarmhousePhilip Larkin, Home is so SadPhilip Larkin, Poetry of DeparturesD. H. Lawrence, PianoDenise Levertov, The Ache of MarriageShirley Geok-lin Lim, To Li PoRobert Lowell, Skunk HourAndrew Marvell, To His Coy MistressEdna St. Vincent Millay, RecuerdoJohn Milton, When I consider how my light is spentMarianne Moore, PoetryMarilyn Nelson, A Strange Beautiful WomanHoward Nemerov, The War in the Air** Lorine Niedecker, Sorrow Moves in Wide WavesSharon Olds, The One Girl at the Boys’ PartyWilfred Owen, Anthem for Doomed YouthLinda Pastan, EthicsSylvia Plath, DaddyEdgar Allan Poe, A Dream within a DreamAlexander Pope, A little Learning is a dang’rous ThingEzra Pound, The River-Merchant’s Wife: A LetterDudley Randall, A Different ImageJohn Crowe Ransom, Piazza PieceHenry Reed, Naming of PartsAdrienne Rich, Living in SinEdwin Arlington Robinson, Miniver CheevyTheodore Roethke, Elegy for JaneWilliam Shakespeare, When, in disgrace with Fortune and men’s eyesWilliam Shakespeare, Not marble nor the gilded monumentsWilliam Shakespeare, That time of year thou mayst in me beholdWilliam Shakespeare, My mistress’ eyes are nothing likethe sun** Charles Simic, The Butcher ShopChristopher Smart, For I will consider my Cat JeoffryCathy Song, Stamp CollectingWilliam Stafford, The Farm on the Great PlainsWallace Stevens, The Emperor of Ice-CreamJonathan Swift, A Description of the MorningAlfred, Lord Tennyson, UlyssesDylan Thomas, Fern HillJohn Updike, Ex-Basketball PlayerDerek Walcott, The VirginsEdmund Waller, Go, Lovely RoseWalt Whitman, from Song of the Open RoadWalt Whitman, I Hear America SingingRichard Wilbur, The WriterWilliam Carlos Williams, Spring and AllWilliam Carlos Williams, To Waken an Old LadyWilliam Wordsworth, Composed upon Westminster BridgeJames Wright, A BlessingJames Wright, Autumn Begins in Martins Ferry, OhioMary Sidney Wroth, In this strange labyrinthSir Thomas Wyatt, They flee from me that sometime did me sekëWilliam Butler Yeats, Crazy Jane Talks with the BishopWilliam Butler Yeats, The MagiWilliam Butler Yeats, When You Are OldDramaInterview with David Ives34. Reading a PlayElements of a PlaySusan Glaspell, TriflesAnalyzing TriflesWriting EffectivelyWriters on WritingSusan Glaspell, Creating TriflesThinking About a PlayChecklist: Writing about a PlayWriting Assignment on ConflictStudent Paper, Outside TriflesMore Topics for WritingTerms for Review35. Modes of Drama: Tragedy and Comedy TragedyChristopher Marlowe, scene From Doctor Faustus (act 2, scene 1)Comedy** David Ives, Soap OperaWriting EffectivelyWriters on WritingDavid Ives, On the one-act playThinking About ComedyChecklist: Writing about ComedyWriting Assignment on ComedyTopics for Writing on TragedyTopics for Writing on ComedyTerms for Review36. Critical Casebook: SophoclesThe Theater of SophoclesStagingDramatic StructureThe Civic Role of Greek DramaAristotle’s Concept of TragedySophoclesThe Origins of Oedipus the KingSophocles, Oedipus the King (Translated by Dudley Fitts and Robert Fitzgerald)The Background of AntigonêSophocles, Antigonê (Translated by Dudley Fitts and Robert Fitzgerald)Critics on SophoclesAristotle, Defining TragedySigmund Freud, The Destiny of OedipusE. R. Dodds, On Misunderstanding OedipusA. E. Haigh, The Irony of SophoclesDavid Wiles, The Chorus as DemocratPatricia M. Lines, what is AntigonÊ’s Flaw?Writing EffectivelyWriters on WritingRobert Fitzgerald, Translating Sophocles into EnglishThinking About Greek TragedyChecklist: Writing About Greek DramaWriting Assignment on SophoclesMore Topics for WritingTerms for Review37. Critical Casebook: Shakespeare The Theater of ShakespeareWilliam ShakespearePlaysA Note on OthelloWilliam Shakespeare, Othello, the Moor of VeniceThe Background of HamletWilliam Shakespeare, Hamlet, Prince of DenmarkThe Background of A Midsummer Night’s DreamWilliam Shakespeare, A Midsummer Night’s DreamCritics on ShakespeareAnthony Burgess, An Asian Culture Looks at ShakespeareA. C. Bradley, Hamlet’s MelancholyRebecca West, Hamlet and OpheliaJan Kott, Producing HamletJoel Wingard, Reader-Response Issues in HamletW. H. Auden, Iago as a Triumphant VillainMaud Bodkin, Lucifer in Shakespeare’s OthelloVirginia Mason Vaughan, Black and White in OthelloClare Asquith, Shakespeare’s Language as a Hidden Political CodeGermaine Greer, Shakespeare’s “Honest Mirth”Linda Bamber, Female Power in A Midsummer Night’s DreamWriting EffectivelyWriters on WritingBen Jonson, On His Friend and Rival William ShakespeareThinking About ShakespeareChecklist: Writing About ShakespeareWriting Assignment on TragedyStudent Paper, Othello: Tragedy or Soap Opera?More Topics for Writing38. The Modern Theater Realism and NaturalismHenrik Ibsen, A Doll’s House (Translated by R. Farquharson Sharp, Revised by Viktoria Michelsen)Writers on WritingHenrik Ibsen, Correspondence on the Final Scene of A Doll’s HouseTennessee Williams, The Glass MenagerieWriters on WritingTennessee Williams, How to Stage The Glass Menagerie** Anna Deavere Smith, Scenes from Twilight: Los Angeles, 1992Writers on Writing** Anna Deavere Smith, A Call to the CommunityWriting EffectivelyThinking About Dramatic RealismChecklist: Writing About RealismWriting Assignment on RealismStudent Essay, Helmer vs. HelmerMore Topics for WritingTerms for Review39. Evaluating a Play Judging a PlayChecklist: Evaluating a PlayWriting Assignment on Evaluating a PlayMore Topics for Writing40. Plays for Further Reading Rita Dove, The Darker Face of the EarthWriters on WritingRita Dove, The Inspiration for The Darker Face of the EarthDavid Henry Hwang, The Sound of a VoiceWriters on WritingDavid Henry Hwang, Multicultural Theater** Jane Martin, TattooArthur Miller, Death of a SalesmanWriters on WritingArthur Miller, Tragedy and the Common ManAugust Wilson, FencesWriters on WritingAugust Wilson, A Look into Black AmericaWRITING41. Writing about LiteratureRead ActivelyRobert Frost, NOTHING GOLD CAN STAYPlan Your EssayDiscover Your IdeasSample Student Prewriting ExercisesDeveloping a Literary ArgumentWriting a Rough DraftSample Student Paper (Rough Draft)Revise Your DraftSome Final Advice on RewritingDocument Sources to Avoid PlagiarismThe Form of Your Finished PaperSpell-Check and Grammar Check Programs42. Writing About a StoryRead ActivelyThink About the StoryDiscover IdeasSample Student Prewriting ExercisesWrite a Rough DraftWhat’s Your Purpose? Common Approaches to Writing about FictionTopics for Writing43. Writing about a Poem Read ActivelyThink About the PoemDiscover Your IdeasWrite a Rough DraftCommon Approaches to Writing about PoetryHow to Quote a PoemTopics for WritingRobert Frost, IN WHITE44. Writing about a PlayRead CriticallyCommon Approaches to Writing about DramaHow to Quote a PlayTopics for Writing45. Writing a Research PaperBrowse the ResearchChoose a TopicBegin Your ResearchEvaluate SourcesOrganize Your ResearchRefine Your ThesisOrganize Your PaperWrite and ReviseMaintain Academic IntegrityAcknowledge All SourcesDocumenting Sources Using MLA StyleReference Guide for Citation46. Writing as Discovery: Keeping a JournalThe Rewards of Keeping a JournalSample Student Journal47. Writing an Essay ExamPreparing for the ExamTaking the Exam48. Critical Approaches to LiteratureFormalist CriticismBiographical CriticismHistorical CriticismPsychological CriticismMythological CriticismSociological CriticismGender CriticismReader-Response CriticismDeconstructionist CriticismCultural StudiesTerms for Review