Literature: The Human Experience Shorter: Reading and Writing

PREFACE INTRODUCTION RESPONDING TO LITERATURE Emily Dickinson, There Is No Frigate Like A Book Why We Read Literature Reading Actively Reading and Thinking Critically Reading Fiction The Methods of Fiction Tone Plot Characterization Setting Point of View Irony Theme Exploring Fiction Reading Poetry Walt Whitman, When I Heard the Learn'd Astronomer Word Choice Figurative Language The Music of Poetry Exploring Poetry *Annotating While You Read *William Shakespeare, Sonnet 29 *Edward Arlington Robinson, How Annandale Went Out Reading Drama Stages and Staging The Elements of Drama Characters Dramatic Irony Plot and Conflict Exploring Drama Reading Essays Types of Essays Narrative Essays Descriptive Essays Expository Essays Argumentative Essays Analyzing the Essay The Thesis Structure and Detail Style and Tone Exploring EssaysWRITING ABOUT LITERATURE Responding to Your Reading Keeping a Journal Exploring and Planning Asking Good Questions Establishing a Working Thesis Gathering Information Organizing Information Drafting the Essay Refining Your Opening Supporting Your Thesis Revising the Essay Editing Your Draft Selecting Strong Verbs Eliminating Unnecessary Modifiers Making Connections Proofreading Your Draft Some Common Writing Assignments Explication Analysis Comparison and Contrast The Research Paper An Annotated Student Research Paper Some Matters of Form and Documentation Titles Quotations Brackets and Ellipses Quotation Marks and Other Punctuation Documentation Documenting Internet Sources A Checklist for Writing about Literature INNOCENCE AND EXPERIENCE LOOKING AHEAD: Questions for Thinking and Writing Fiction Nathaniel Hawthorne, Young Goodman Brown James Joyce, Araby Ernest Hemingway, A Clean, Well-Lighted Place Flannery O'Connor, Good Country People Toni Cade Bambara, The Lesson *Haruki Murakami, On Seeing the 100% Perfect Girl One Beautiful April Morning Sandra Cisneros, The House on Mango Street Poetry William Blake, The Chimney Sweeper William Blake, The Tyger William Blake, The Garden of Love John Keats, On First Looking into Chapman's Homer Robert Browning, My Last Duchess Emily Dickinson, I felt a Funeral, in my Brain Thomas Hardy, The Ruined Maid Gerard Manley Hopkins, Spring and Fall A. E. Housman, When I Was One-and-Twenty William Butler Yeats, Leda and the Swan Robert Frost, Birches Robert Frost, The Road Not Taken Stevie Smith, Not Waving but Drowning Countee Cullen, Incident Lawrence Ferlinghetti, Constantly Risking Absurdity Philip Larkin, This Be the Verse Philip Larkin, A Study of Reading Habits Peter Meinke, Advice to My Son Robert Mezey, My Mother *June Jordan, Memo: *Rosemary Catacalos, David Talamantez on the Last Day of Second Grade *Hanan Mikha'il 'Ashrawi, Diary of an Almost-Four-Year-Old Molly Peacock, Our Room Katherine McAlpine, Plus C'est la Même Chose *Dana Gioia, Unsaid Katharyn Howd Machan, Hazel Tells LaVerne Sandra Cisneros, My Wicked Wicked Ways *John Brehm, At the Poetry Reading Major Jackson, Euphoria *Evelyn Lau, Solipsism Drama Sophocles, Oedipus Rex *Arthur Miller, Death of a Salesman Essays Langston Hughes, Salvation Bernard Cooper, A Clack of Tiny Sparks: Remembrances of a Gay Boyhood *Judith Ortiz Cofer, American History *CASEBOOK Looking Farther: Children and Parents *Yu Hua, Appendix (Fiction) *Can Xue, The Hut on the Mountain (Fiction) *Shirley Geok-Lin Lim, Father from Asia (Poem) LOOKING BACK: Further Questions for Thinking and WritingCONFORMITY AND REBELLION Fiction Herman Melville, Bartleby the Scrivener Franz Kafka, A Hunger Artist Shirley Jackson, The Lottery Ursula K. LeGuin, The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas Harlan Ellison, "Repent, Harlequin!" Said the Ticktockman *Pauline Melville, The Sparkling Bitch Amy Tan, Two Kinds Poetry *Phyllis Wheatley, On Being Brought from Africa to America William Wordsworth, The World Is Too Much with Us Alfred, Lord Tennyson, Ulysses Emily Dickinson, Much Madness is divinest Sense Emily Dickinson, She rose to His Requirement William Butler Yeats, Easter 1916 William Butler Yeats, The Second Coming William Butler Yeats, The Great Day *Edwin Arlington Robinson, Miniver Cheevy Wallace Stevens, Sunday Morning Claude McKay, If We Must Die Langston Hughes, Harlem W. H. Auden, The Unknown Citizen *Helen Sorrells, From a Correct Address in a Suburb of a Major City Muriel Rukeyser, Myth Dudley Randall, Ballad of Birmingham *Gwendolyn Brooks, from The Children of the Poor Jenny Joseph, Warning *Tawfiq Zayyad, Here We Shall Stay Marge Piercy, The Market Economy *Charles Simic, My Weariness of Epic Proportions Nikki Giovanni, Dreams *J. D. McClatchy, Jihad *Hanan Mikha'il 'Ashwari, Night Patrol Carolyn Forché, The Colonel *Steve Earle, Rich Man's War Drama Henrik Ibsen, A Doll's House Essays Jonathan Swift, A Modest Proposal Martin Luther King Jr., Letter from Birmingham Jail CASEBOOK Looking Deeper: Literature and History From the U.S. Constitution Article I, Section 2 From Dred Scott v. Sandford U.S. Constitution, Amendment XIV Jim Crow Laws A Call for Unity from Alabama Clergymen The Birmingham Truce Agreement *E. L. Doctorow, From Reporting the Universe: Why we are infidels *Salman Rushdie, Imagine There's No Heaven LOOKING BACK: Further Questions for Thinking and WritingCULTURE AND IDENTITY LOOKING AHEAD: Questions for Thinking and Writing Fiction William Faulkner, A Rose for Emily James Baldwin, Sonny's Blues Alice Walker, Everyday Use Jamaica Kincaid, Girl *Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni, Mrs. Dutta Writes a Letter Sherman Alexie, This is what it means to say Phoenix, Arizona Poetry Emily Dickinson, What Soft-Cherubic Creatures- Paul Laurence Dunbar, We Wear the Mask T. S. Eliot, The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock E. E. Cummings, The Cambridge ladies who live in furnished souls Henry Reed, Naming of Parts M. Carl Holman, Mr. Z Etheridge Knight, Hard Rock Returns to Prison from the Hospital for the Criminal Insane Wole Soyinka, The Telephone Conversation Judith Ortiz Cofer, Latin Women Pray *Rita Dove, Daystar *Cathy Song, Stamp Collecting Taslima Nasrin, Things Cheaply Had Drama Lorraine Hansberry, A Raisin in the Sun Essays Virginia Woolf, What If Shakespeare Had Had a Sister? George Orwell, Shooting an Elephant Maya Angelou, Graduation in Stamps *CASEBOOK Looking Farther: Western Education and Traditional Culture *Abeer Hoque, Ironed Blue Sky, 88 (Essay) *Felix Mnthali, The Stranglehold of English Lit (Poem) *Es'kia Mphahlele, African Literature: What Tradition? (Essay) LOOKING BACK: Further Questions for Thinking and WritingLOVE AND HATE LOOKING AHEAD: Questions for Thinking and Writing Fiction Kate Chopin, The Storm Charlotte Perkins Gilman, The Yellow Wallpaper Raymond Carver, What We Talk about When We Talk about Love Joyce Carol Oates, Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? *Robert Olen Butler, Jealous Husband Returns in Form of Parrot (1996) Poetry *Sappho, With His Venom *Po Chu-I, Golden Bells (c. 810?) *Po Chu-I, Remembering Golden Bells (c. 810?) Anonymous, Bonny Barbara Allan CASEBOOK Looking Deeper: From Poetry to Song Christopher Marlowe, The Passionate Shepherd to his Love Sir Walter Raleigh, The Nymph's Reply to the Shepherd C. Day-Lewis, Song William Shakespeare, It Was a Lover and his Lass Ben Jonson, Song, To Celia Robert Herrick, To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time Sir John Suckling, Song W. S. Gilbert, To Phoebe Aimee Mann, Save Me William Shakespeare, Sonnet 18 "Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?" William Shakespeare, Sonnet 29 "When, in disgrace with fortune and men's eyes" William Shakespeare, Sonnet 129 "Th'expense of spirit in a waste of shame" William Shakespeare, Sonnet 130 "My mistress' eyes are nothing like the sun" John Donne, The Flea John Donne, Song John Donne, A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning *Edmund Waller, Go, Lovely Rose! Andrew Marvell, To His Coy Mistress *Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, Song William Blake, A Poison Tree Robert Burns, A Red, Red Rose Walt Whitman, from Song of Myself Matthew Arnold, Dover Beach Gerard Manley Hopkins, Pied Beauty W. B. Yeats, Politics Robert Frost, Fire and Ice Edna St. Vincent Millay, Love Is Not All *Dorothy Parker, One Perfect Rose Theodore Roethke, My Papa's Waltz *Theodore Roethke, I Knew a Woman Elizabeth Bishop, One Art Robert Hayden, Those Winter Sundays Anthony Hecht, The Dover Bitch *Wislawa Szymborska, First Love Carolyn Kizer, Bitch *Maxine Kumin, Jack Adrienne Rich, Living in Sin Sylvia Plath, Daddy *Audre Lorde, Power Lucille Clifton, There Is a Girl Inside *Seamus Heaney, Valediction Billy Collins, Sonnet Sharon Olds, Sex without Love *Jane Kenyon, Surprise Molly Peacock, Say You Love Me *Wyatt Prunty, Learning the Bicycle *Susan Musgrave, Right Through the Heart Gary Soto, Oranges *Jane Hirshfield, Salt Heart Mary Karr, Revenge of the Ex-Mistress *Moyra Donaldson, Infidelities Drama William Shakespeare, Othello Susan Glaspell, Trifles Essays Paul, 1 Corinthians 13 Erich Fromm, Is Love an Art? Maxine Hong Kingston, No Name Woman *CASEBOOK Looking Farther: Forbidden Love *Chinua Achebe, Marriage is a Private Affair (Fiction) *Nahid Rachlin, Departures (Fiction) *Abbas Saffari, Our Story (Poem) LOOKING BACK: Further Questions for Thinking and WritingTHE PRESENCE OF DEATH LOOKING AHEAD: Questions for Thinking and Writing Fiction Edgar Allan Poe, The Cask of Amontillado Leo Tolstoy, The Death of Iván Ilych D. H. Lawrence, The Rocking Horse Winner Katherine Anne Porter, The Jilting of Granny Weatherall *Tim O'Brien, The Things They Carried Leslie Marmon Silko, The Man to Send Rain Clouds Poetry Anonymous, Edward William Shakespeare, Sonnet 73 "That time of year thou mayst in me behold" William Shakespeare, Fear No More the Heat o' the Sun William Shakespeare, from Richard II William Shakespeare, from Macbeth William Shakespeare, from Hamlet John Donne, Death, Be Not Proud Percy Bysshe Shelley, Ozymandias John Keats, Ode on a Grecian Urn Emily Dickinson, After great pain, a formal feeling comes Emily Dickinson, I heard a Fly buzz -- when I died Emily Dickinson, Apparently with no surprise A. E. Housman, To an Athlete Dying Young William Butler Yeats, Sailing to Byzantium Edwin Arlington Robinson, Richard Cory Robert Frost, After Apple-Picking Robert Frost, Nothing Gold Can Stay Robert Frost, Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening Robert Frost, Design Wilfred Owen, Dulce et Decorum Est *E. E. Cummings, O sweet spontaneous Pablo Neruda, The Dead Woman CASEBOOK Looking Deeper: From Art to Literature W. H. Auden, Musee des Beaux Arts Pieter Brueghel the Elder, Landscape with the Fall of Icarus Lawrence Ferlinghetti, In Goya's Greatest Scenes Francisco de Goya, The Third of May, 1808, Madrid Anne Sexton, The Starry Night Vincent van Gogh, The Starry Night Donald Finkel, The Great Wave: Hokusai Katsushika Hokusai, The Great Wave Off Kanagawa Thedore Roethke, Elegy for Jane Dylan Thomas, Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night Catherine Davis, After a Time Yevgeny Yevtushenko, People Mary Oliver, When Death Comes Seamus Heaney, Mid-term Break *Janice Mirikitani, Suicide Note *Adrian C. Louis, End Prayer for Mogie *Victor Hernandez Cruz, Problems with Hurricanes James Fenton, God, a Poem *Victoria Chang, Morning Ritual Drama Woody Allen, Death Knocks Milcha Sanchez-Scott, The Cuban Swimmer Essays John Donne, Meditation XVII, from Devotions upon Emergent Occasions *Mark Twain, Little Bessie Would Assist Providence Jessica Mitford, The American Way of Death LOOKING BACK: Further Questions for Thinking and WritingAPPENDICESGLOSSARY OF CRITICAL APPROACHES Introduction Deconstruction Ethical Criticism Feminist Criticism Formalist Criticism Marxist Criticism Historical Criticism Postcolonial Criticism Psychoanalytic Criticism Reader-Response CriticismBIOGRAPHICAL NOTES ON THE AUTHORS * new to this edition