Making Literature Matter: An Anthology for Readers and Writers

Preface for Instructors Contents by Genre Part One: Working with Literature 1. What Is Literature? How and Why Does It Matter? James Wright, "Lying in a Hammock at William Duffy’s Farm in Pine Island, Minnesota" (poem) How Have People Defined Literature? *Why Study Literature in a College Writing Course? What Can You Do to Make Literature Matter to Others? *J. Robert Lennon, When I married, I became an old woman. . . . (story) How to Read Closely *Strategies for Close Reading *Close Readings of a Poem *Sharon Olds, "Summer Solstice, New York City" (poem) Using Topics of Literary Studies to Get Ideas Lynda Hull, Night Waitress (poem) How to Make Arguments about Literature Daniel Orozco, Orientation (story) Jamaica Kincaid, Girl (story) Strategies for Making Arguments about Literature Looking at Literature as Argument John Milton, "When I Consider How My Light Is Spent" (poem) W. H. Auden, "The Unknown Citizen" (poem) *Robert Frost, "Mending Wall" (poem) 4. The Writing Process William Wordsworth, "The Solitary Reaper" (poem) Strategies for Exploring Strategies for Planning Strategies for Composing First Draft of a Student Paper Abby Hazelton, The Passage of Time in "The Solitary Reaper" Strategies for Revising Revised Draft of a Student Paper Abby Hazelton, The Passage of Time in "The Solitary Reaper" Strategies for Writing a Comparative Paper Ted Kooser, "Four Secretaries" (poem) A Student Comparative Paper Marla Tracy, When Singing Is Not Singing A Writing Exercise *C. K. Williams, The Singing (poem) 5. How to Write about Stories Eudora Welty, A Visit of Charity William Carlos Williams, The Use of Force *Anton Chekhov, Sleepy Students’ Personal Responses to the Stories The Elements of Short Fiction Final Draft of a Student Paper Alison Caldwell, Forms of Blindness in "The Use of Force" 6. How to Write about Poems Rosanna Warren, In Creve Coeur, Missouri Charles Fort, We Did Not Fear the Father Philip Levine, What Work Is Mary Oliver, Singapore Yusef Komunyakaa, Blackberries Edwin Arlington Robinson, The Mill Jimmy Santiago Baca, So Mexicans Are Taking Jobs Away from Americans Louise Erdrich, The Lady in the Pink Mustang *Marge Piercy, The Secretary Chant A Student’s Personal Responses to the Poems Michaela Fiorruci, Boundaries in Robinson, Komunyakaa, and Oliver The Elements of Poetry Revised Draft of a Student Paper Michaela Fiorruci, Negotiating Boundaries 7. How to Write about Plays Tennessee Williams, From The Glass Menagerie (scene) Marsha Norman, from ‘night Mother (scene) The Elements of Drama Final Draft of a Student Paper Tim Kerwin, The Significance of What Jessie "Thinks" 8. How to Write about Essays June Jordan, Many Rivers to Cross Alice Walker, In Search of Our Mother’s Gardens A Student’s Personal Response The Elements of Essays Final Draft of a Student Paper Isla Bravo, Resisting Women’s Roles 9. How to Write a Research Paper Strategies for Identifying an Issue and a Tentative Claim Strategies for Finding and Using Secondary Sources Strategies for Working with Sources Strategies for Integrating Sources Strategies for Documenting Sources (MLA Format) Three Annotated Student Research Papers *Katie Johnson, The Meaning of the Husband’s Fainting in "The Yellow Wall-Paper" *Brittany Thomas, Substitution in Mitchell’s "The Evolution of the Rest Treatment" and Gilman’s "The Yellow Wall-Paper" *Keith Alexander, What the Argument between Tom Cruise and Brooke Shields Demonstrated about the Media Part Two: Literature and Its Issues 10. Families Memories of Family: Essays Brent Staples, The Runaway Son Rick Moody, Demonology *Paule Marshall, Poets in the Kitchen *José Raul Bernardo, Happy Blue Crabs Reconciling with Fathers: Poems Lucille Clifton, forgiving my father Robert Hayden, Those Winter Sundays Theodore Roethke, My Papa's Waltz *Li-Young Lee, My Father, in Heaven, Is Reading Out Loud Louise Gluck, Terminal Resemblance Exorcising the Dead: Critical Commentaries on a Poem Sylvia Plath, Daddy Critical Commentaries: Mary Lynn Broe, From Protean Poetic: The Poetry of Sylvia Plath Lynda K. Bundtzen, From Plath's Incarnations Steven Gould Axelrod, From Sylvia Plath: The Wound and the Cure of Words Tim Kendall, from Sylvia Plath: A Critical Study Mothers and Daughters: Stories Tillie Olsen, I Stand Here Ironing Amy Tan, Two Kinds Alice Walker, Everyday Use Siblings in Conflict: Stories Tobias Wolff, The Rich Brother James Baldwin, Sonny’s Blues Family Dramas: Re-Visions of a Play Tennessee Williams, The Glass Menagerie Christopher Durang, For Whom the Southern Belle Tolls Grandparents and Legacies: Poems Elizabeth Cook-Lynn, Grandfather at the Indian Health Clinic Nikki Giovanni, Legacies Linda Hogan, Heritage Gary Soto, Behind Grandma's House Alberto Rios, Mi Abuelo Yvonne V. Sapia, Grandmother, a Caribbean Indian, Described by My Father *Judith Ortiz Cofer, Claims Family Bonds: A Collection of Essays by bell hooks bell hooks, Inspired Eccentricity bell hooks, Talking Back bell hooks, Spirit A Family’s Dreams: Cultural Contexts for a Play Lorraine Hansberry, A Raisin in the Sun Cultural Contexts: The Crisis, The Hansberrys of Chicago: They Join Business Acumen with Social Vision Lorraine Hansberry, April 23, 1964, Letter to the *York Times Alan Ehrenhalt, From The Lost City: Discovering the Forgotten Virtues of Community in the Chicago of the 1950s Sidney Poitier, from The Measure of a Man: A Spiritual Autobiography Parental Crisis: Stories Ernest Hemingway, Hills Like White Elephants T. Coraghessan Boyle, The Love of My Life Kate Braverman, Pagan Night Gays and Lesbians in Families: Poems Essex Hemphill, Commitments Kitty Tsui, A Chinese Banquet Minnie Bruce Pratt, Two Small-Sized Girls *Rane Arroyo, My Transvestite Uncle Is Missing The Family as Prison: A Story and Images *Art Spiegelman, Prisoner on the Hell Planet *Images from Maus 11. Love True Love: Poems William Shakespeare, Let me not to the marriage of true minds Anne Bradstreet, To My Dear and Loving Husband e. e. cummings, somewhere i have never travelled Wislawa Szymborska, True Love Sharon Olds, True Love Michael S. Harper, Discovery *Emily Dickinson, Wild Nights — Wild Nights! *Wendy Rose, Julia Romantic Dreams: Stories Leslie Marmon Silko, Yellow Woman James Joyce, Araby John Updike, A & P *Sherwood Anderson, Adventure Love and Myth: Essays Diane Ackerman, Orpheus and Eurydice Carol Gilligan, Psyche and Cupid A Seductive Argument: Re-Visions of a Poem Andrew Marvell, To His Coy Mistress Peter De Vries, To His Importunate Mistress To Love or Not to Love: Critical Commentaries on a Poem T.S. Eliot, The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock Critical Commentaries: Charles Child Walcutt, Eliot’s "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock" Bruce Hayman, How Old is Prufrock? Does He Want to Get Married? Leon Waldoff, Prufrock’s Defenses and Our Response Heather Brown, The Ambiguity of Romance in "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock" Melinda Hollis, Prufrock’s Road to Love Is Paved with Irony The Appearance of Love: A Collection of Stories by Kate Chopin Kate Chopin, The Storm Kate Chopin, The Story of an Hour Kate Chopin, Désirée's Baby Is This Love?: Stories William Faulkner, A Rose for Emily Raymond Carver, What We Talk About When We Talk About Love Zora Neale Hurston, The Gilded Six-Bits *William Trevor, The Room Jealous Love: A Play and Images William Shakespeare, Othello Images: Eugene Delacroix, Desdemona Cursed by Her Father (painting) Eugene Delacroix, Othello and Desdemona (painting) The Need for Romantic Illusions: Cultural Contexts for a Story Tim O’Brien, The Things They Carried Cultural Contexts *Sullivan Ballou, "My very dear Sarah" *Brian Sullivan, Letter to Tobie *Tyrone Parnell, Letter to Tracy Looking Back on Past Love: Stories Edith Wharton, Roman Fever Alice Elliott Dark, The Secret Spot Love as a Have? Poems Matthew Arnold, Dover Beach *Susan Minot, My Husband’s Back 12. Freedom and Confinement Freedom for Animals: Poems Maxine Kumin, Woodchucks D. H. Lawrence, Snake Elizabeth Bishop, The Fish *Thomas Lux, To Help the Monkey Cross the River Can Tradition Be a Trap?: Critical Commentaries on a Story *Shirley Jackson, The Lottery Critical Commentaries *Nick Crawford, Learning from "The Lottery": How Jackson’s Story Might Help Us Rethink Tradition *Joe Romano, Sacrifice, Solidarity, and Senselessness *Jon Schneiderman, Tradition, Justice, and Bloodlust in American Society *Aimee Wilson, Under the Guise of Tradition: "The Lottery" and Female Circumcision The Marriage Trap: Plays Henrik Ibsen, A Doll House Susan Glaspell, Trifles Confined for Her Own Good: Cultural Contexts for a Story Charlotte Perkins Gilman, The Yellow Wallpaper Cultural Contexts Charlotte Perkins Gilman, Why I Wrote "The Yellow Wallpaper" S. Weir Mitchell, From The Evolution of the Rest Treatment John Harvey Kellogg, From The Ladies’ Guide in Health and Disease Hobbled by Language: Essays Richard Rodriguez, Aria Tomas Rivera, On Richard Rodriguez’s Hunger of Memory Victor Villaneuva, Jr., Reflecting on Richard Rodriguez Trapped in Stereotypes: Poems Chrystos, Today Was s Good Day Like TB Louise Erdrich, Dear John Wayne Dwight Okita, In Response to Executive Order 9066 David Hernandez, Pigeons Sonia Sanchez, Song No. 3 *Pat Mora, Legal Alien *Naomi Shihab Nye, Blood A Torturous Confinement: Re-Visions of a Story *Franz Kafka, In the Penal Colony *R. Crumb, In the Penal Colony Remembering the Death Camps: Poems Pastor Martin Niemoller, "First They Came for the Jews" Nelly Sachs, "A Dead Child Speaks" Yevgeny Yevtuchenko, "Babii Yar" Karen Gershon, "Race" Anne Sexton, "After Auschwitz" Prisoners of War: Stories Frank O'Connor, Guests of the Nation Haruki Murakami, Another Way to Die A Letter from Jail: An Essay and Images Martin Luther King, Jr., Letter from Birmingham Jail Images: Protesting Desegregation in Montgomery, Alabama (photograph) The Arrest of Martin Luther King, Jr. (photograph) Martin Luther King, Jr. in Birmingham Jail (photograph) A Dream of Freedom: A Collection of Poems by Langston Hughes Langston Hughes, Let America Be America Again Langston Hughes, Open Letter to the South Langston Hughes, Theme for English B Langston Hughes, Harlem The Cage of Socialization: Stories *Karen Russell, St. Lucy’s Home for Girls Raised by Wolves Steven Millhauser, Kaspar Hauser Speaks 13. Doing Justice On Trial: Essays Scott Russell Sanders, Doing Time in the Thirteenth Chair *Kathleen Alcala, The Woman Who Loved Water *Slavenka Drakulic, He Would Never Hurt a Fly Maxine Hong Kingston, No Name Woman Discovering Injustice: Stories Nathaniel Hawthorne, Young Goodman Brown Toni Cade Bambara, The Lesson Punishments: Poems Carolyn Forché, The Colonel Seamus Heaney, Punishment Rita Dove, Parsley Sherman Alexie, Capital Punishment He Said/She Said: Re-Visions of a Poem Robert Browning, My Last Duchess Gabriel Spera, My Ex-Husband Avenging a Killing: Stories Andre Dubus, Killings Yiyun Li, Persimmons Issues of Guilt: A Collection of Stories by Edgar Allan Poe Edgar Allan Poe, The Cask of Amontillado Edgar Allan Poe, The Telltale Heart *Edgar Allan Poe, Hop-Frog Eyewitness Testimony: Cultural Contexts for a Play *Ida Fink, The Table Cultural Contexts *Wladyslaw Szpilman, The Umschleagplatz *Inga Clendinnen, Assessing Witness Testimony: Flilip Muller *Dori Laub and Shoshana Felman, Bearing Witness Misfit Justice: Critical Commentaries on a Story Flannery O’Connor, A Good Man Is Hard to Find Critical Commentaries Flannery O’Connor, from Mystery and Manners Martha Stephens, from The Question of Flannery O’Connor Madison Jones, from "A Good Man’s Predicament" Stephen Bandy, from "’One of My Babies’: The Misfit and the Grandmother" Conscience on Trial: A Play and Images Sophocles, Antigone Images: Jose Domjan, Poster for a Production of Antigone Wieslaw Grzegorczyk, Poster for a Production of Antigone Moreland Theatre Company, Poster for a Production of Antigone Religious Justice: Stories Hanif Kureishi, My Son, The Fanatic *Rishi Reddi, Lord Krishna Racial Injustice: Poems Countee Cullen, Incident *Natasha Trethewey, Incident 14. Journeys An Errand of Love? Critical Commentaries on a Story *Eudora Welty, A Worn Path Critical Commentaries: *Roland Bartel, Life and Death in Eudora Welty’s "A Worn Path" *Neil Isaacs, Life for Phoenix *Eudora Welty, Is Phoenix Jackson’s Grandson Really Dead? Dangerous Journeys: Stories *Joyce Carol Oates, Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? *Tim O’Brien, Sweetheart of the Song Tra Bong *Sherman Alexie, What You Pawn I Will Redeem Roads Taken: A Collection of Poems by Robert Frost *Robert Frost, Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening *Robert Frost, The Road Not Taken *Robert Frost, Acquainted with the Night Journeys to the Past: Essays *Joan Didion, On Going Home *E. B. White, Once More to the Lake N. Scott Momaday, The Way to Rainy Mountain *Marianna De Marco Torgovnick, On Being White, Female, and Born in Bensonhurst Inner Journeys: Stories *Willa Cather, Wagner Matinee *Bobbie Ann Mason, Shiloh *John Cheever, The Swimmer A Journey’s Terrifying Beginning: Cultural Contexts for a Story Ralph Ellison, "Battle Royal" Cultural Contexts: Booker T. Washington, Atlanta Exposition Address W.E. B. DuBois, Of Mr. Booker T. Washington Gunnar Myrdal, Social Equality Journeys to a Dark Future: Stories *Octavia Butler, Human Evolution *Douglas Coupland, Shopping Is Not Creating *Ursula LeGuin, The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas *Kurt Vonnegut, Jr., Harrison Bergeron Accidental Journeys: Poems *William Stafford, Traveling Through the Dark *John Burnside, Penitence *Robert Wrigley, Highway 12, Just East of Paradise, Idaho *James Tate, Thinking Ahead to Possible Options and the Worse Case Scenario *Loren Goodman, Traveling Through the Dark (2005) End of a Journey: A Play and Images Marsha Norman, ’night, Mother Images of Jessie and Thelma *Kathy Bates and Anne Pituiak (1983; photograph) *Edie Falco and Brenda Blethyn (2004; photograph) *Oracle Theatre Production (2006; photograph) A Journey to Death: Poems *Mary Oliver, When Death Comes John Donne, Death Be Not Proud Dylan Thomas, Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night Wislawa Szymborska, On Death, without Exaggeration Journey to Experience: Re-Visions of a Story Charles Perrault, Little Red Riding Hood Jakob and Wilhelm Grimm, Little Red Cap Angela Carter, The Company of Wolves Crossing the Waters: Poems *Katia Kapovich, The Ferry *Linda Pastan, Leaving the Island *Anne Sexton, Letter Written on a Ferry While Crossing Long Island Sound Mark Doty, Night Ferry Appendix: Critical Approaches to Literature Contemporary Schools of Criticism Working with the Critical Approaches James Joyce, Counterparts (story) Ann Petry, Like a Winding Sheet (story) Index of Authors, Titles, and First Lines Index of Key Terms * new to this edition