Memory To Written Record 2e
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The second edition of Michael Clanchy's widely-acclaimed study of the history of the written word in the Middle Ages is now, after a much lamented absence, republished in an entirely new and revised edition. The text of the original has been revised throughout to take account of the enormous amount of new research following publication of the first edition. The introduction discusses the history of literacy up to the present day; the guide to further reading brings together over 300 new titles up to 1992. In this second edition there are substantially new sections on bureaucracy, sacred books, writing materials, the art of memory, ways of reading (particularly for women), the writing of French, and the relationship of script, imagery and seals.
List of PlatesPreface to the First EditionPreface to the Second EditionList of AbbreviationsIntroduction1Being Prejudiced in Favour of Literacy7Medieval, Renaissance, and Reformation Literacy11England's Place in Medieval Literacy16Pt. IThe Making of Records231Memories and Myths of the Norman Conquest25Anglo-Saxon Uses of Writing26The Uses of Domesday Book32Edward I's 'Quo Warranto' Proceedings and the Earl Warenne352The Proliferation of Documents44Documents at Village Level46The Chronology of Charter Making52The Output of Royal Documents57Documents and Bureaucracy62The Work of Hubert Walter68Royal Influence on Other Records743Types of Record81The Variety of Writings81Statements Issued by Individuals85Memoranda Kept by Institutions92Learned and Literary Works104Liturgical Books1094The Technology of Writing114The Scribe and his Materials115Wax, Parchment, and Wood118Committing Words to Writing125Layout and Format132Rolls or Books?1355The Preservation and Use of Documents145Monastic Documents for Posterity146Secular Documents for Daily Use149Archives and Libraries154The Royal Archives162Ways of Remembering172Ways of Indexing177Pt. IIThe Literate Mentality185What Reading Meant1916Languages of Record197Walter of Bibbesworth's Treatise197The Variety of Languages200Spoken and Written Language206Chronological Development211The Writing down of French215Royal Documents in Latin, French, and English2207Literature and Illiterate224Meanings of 'Clericus' and 'Litteratus'226The Question of the Literacy of the Laity231Knowledge of Latin among Non-Churchmen234The Acquisition of Clerical Education240Educated Knights2468Hearing and Seeing253Symbolic Objects and Documents254The Spoken versus the Written Word260Listening to the Word266The Spoken Word in Legal Procedure272Writings as Works of Art278Word and Image2839Trusting Writing294Memory and Writing295Dating Documents299Signing Documents304The Symbolism of Seals and Crosses308Forging Documents31810Practical Literacy328Further Reading on the History of Literacy335Literacy in History in General335Readers and Writers in Medieval Europe337Methods of Writing and Making Books in Medieval Europe340Readers and Writers in Medieval England341Records and Manuscript-Making in Medieval England343Plates346Index386