Men as Women, Women as Men: Changing Gender in Native American Cultures
As contemporary Native and non-Native Americans explore various forms of "gender bending" and gay and lesbian identities, interest has grown in "berdaches," the womanly men and manly women who existed in many Native American tribal cultures. Yet attempts to find current role models in these historical figures sometimes distort and oversimplify the historical realities. This book provides an objective, comprehensive study of Native American women-men and men-women across many tribal cultures...
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As contemporary Native and non-Native Americans explore various forms of "gender bending" and gay and lesbian identities, interest has grown in "berdaches," the womanly men and manly women who existed in many Native American tribal cultures. Yet attempts to find current role models in these historical figures sometimes distort and oversimplify the historical realities. This book provides an objective, comprehensive study of Native American women-men and men-women across many tribal cultures and an extended time span. Booknews A full treatment of people known as berdaches, taking account of all the written sources. Unlike earlier studies, includes those cultures in which berdaches were not particularly revered. Explores their cultural construction, expression, and context. Translated from the 1990 Manner als Frauen, Frauen als Manner. Annotation c. by Book News, Inc., Portland, Or.
List of Maps, Tables, and FiguresPrefacePt. 1Introduction, Background, and Definitions1Ch. 1Introduction3Ch. 2Early Sources: Missionaries and Traders, Physicians and Ethnologists17Ch. 3Twentieth-Century Research26Ch. 4Gender Identity, Gender Role, and Gender Status47Pt. 2Gender Role Change by Males57Ch. 5Cross-Dressing and Mixed Gender Roles59Ch. 6Cross-Dressing and the Feminine Gender Role91Ch. 7Feminine Activities Without Cross-Dressing110Ch. 8The Imitation of "Femininity" and Intersexuality128Ch. 9Women-Men as "Shamans," Medicine Persons, and Healers151Ch. 10Other Specialized Occupations of Women-Men169Ch. 11Partner Relationships and Sexuality185Ch. 12Entrance into the Status of Woman-Man218Ch. 13Women-Men in Native American Cultures: Ideology and Reality241Pt. 3Gender Role Change by Females259Ch. 14Cross-Dressing and Mixed Gender Roles261Ch. 15Men-Women in Masculine Occupations268Ch. 16Status, Relationships, and Entrance Rituals of Men-Women286Ch. 17Warrior Women and Manly-Hearted Women303Pt. 4The Cultural Context of Gender Role Change309Ch. 18Attitudes Toward Women-Men and Men-Women311Ch. 19Gender Role Change and Homosexuality323Ch. 20Gender Role Change in Native American Oral Traditions331Ch. 21Conclusion342References355Index380
\ BooknewsA full treatment of people known as berdaches, taking account of all the written sources. Unlike earlier studies, includes those cultures in which berdaches were not particularly revered. Explores their cultural construction, expression, and context. Translated from the 1990 Manner als Frauen, Frauen als Manner. Annotation c. by Book News, Inc., Portland, Or.\ \
