On the Success of Failure: A Reassessment of the Effects of Retention in the Primary School Grades
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On the Success of Failure examines the practice of grade retention in elementary schools.
Preface to the Second Edition1Grade Retention: Lingering Questions12Research on Grade Repetition: Strong Opinions, Weak Evidence163Retainees in the "Beginning School Study"354Children's Pathways through the Elementary and Middle School Years: Retention+455Characteristics and Competencies of Repeaters: Who Is Held Back?636Achievement Scores before and after Retention827Adjusted Achievement Comparisons: The Need for Controlled Comparisons and the Multiple-Regression Approach1178Academic Performance as Judged by Teachers: Report Card Marks before and after Retention1449The Stigma of Retention16610Retention in the Broader Context of Elementary and Middle School Tracking19811Dropout in Relation to Grade Retention22312The Retention Puzzle: Problem, Solution, or Signal?242App.: Authors Meet Critics, Belatedly265References280Author Index303Subject Index310
