Ordinary Men: Reserve Police Battalion 101 and the Final Solution in Poland
The shocking account of how a unit of average middle-aged Germans became the cold-blooded murderers of tens of thousands of Jews.
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The shocking account of how a unit of average middle-aged Germans became the cold-blooded murderers of tens of thousands of Jews. New York Times Book Review Helps us understand, better than we did before, not only what they did to make the Holocaust happen but also how they were transformed psychologically from the ordinary men of [the] title into active participants in the most monstrous crime in human history.
\ Chapter One\ \ \ One Morning in Jozefow\ \ In the very early hours of July 13, 1942, the men of Reserve Police Battalion 101 were roused from their bunks in the large brick school building that served as their barracks in the Polish town of Bilgoraj.They were middle-aged family men of working- and lower-middle-class background from the city of Hamburg.Considered too old to be of use to the German army, they had been drafted instead into the, Order Police.Most were raw recruits with no previous experience in German occupied territory.They had arrived in Poland less than three weeks earlier.\ It was still quite dark as the men climbed into the waiting trucks.Each policeman had been given extra ammunition, and additional boxes had been loaded onto the trucks as well.Theywere headed for their first major action, though the men had not yet been told what to expect.\ The convoy of battalion trucks moved out of Bilgoraj in the dark, heading eastward on a jarring washboard gravel road.The pace was slow, and it took an hour and a half to two hours to arrive at the destination—the village of Jozefow—a mere thirty kilometers away. Just as the sky was beginning to lighten, the convoy halted outside Jozefow.It was a typical Polish village of modest white houses with thatched straw roofs.Among its inhabitants were 1,800 Jews.\ The village was totally quiet. The men of Reserve Police Battalion 101 climbed down from their trucks and assembled in a half-circle around their commander, Major Wilhelm Trapp, a fifty-three-year-old career policeman affectionately known by his men as "Papa Trapp." The time had come for Trapp toaddress the men and inform them of the assignment the battalion had received.\ Pale and nervous, with choking voice and tears in his eyes, Trapp visibly fought to control himself as he spoke.The battalion, he said plaintively, had to perform a frightfully unpleasant task.This assignment was not to his liking, indeed it was highly regrettable, but the orders came from the highest authorities.If it would make their task any easier, the men should remember that in Germany the bombs were falling on women and children.\ He then turned to the matter at hand.The Jews had instigated the American boycott that had damaged Germany, one policeman remembered Trapp saying.There were Jews in the village of Jozefow who were involved with the partisans, he explained according to two others.The battalion had now been ordered to round up these Jews.The male Jews of working age were to be separated and taken to a work camp.The remaining Jews—the women, children, and elderly—were to be shot on the spot by the battalion.Having explained what awaited his men, Trapp then made an extraordinary offer: if any of the older men among them did not feel up to the task that lay before him, he could step out.
IllustrationsPreface1One Morning in Jozefow12The Order Police33The Order Police and the Final Solution: Russia 194194The Order Police and the Final Solution: Deportation265Reserve Police Battalion 101386Arrival in Poland497Initiation to Mass Murder: The Jozefow Massacre558Reflections on a Massacre719Lomazy: The Descent of Second Company7810The August Deportations to Treblinka8811Late-September Shootings9712The Deportations Resume10413The Strange Health of Captain Hoffmann11414The "Jew Hunt"12115The Last Massacres: "Harvest Festival"13316Aftermath14317Germans, Poles, and Jews14718Ordinary Men159AppendixShootings and Deportations by Reserve Police Battalion 101191Notes193Index219
\ Andrew NagorskiA remarkable—and singularly chilling—glimpse of human behavior...This meticulously researched book...represents a major contribution to the literature of the Holocaust. —Newsweek\ \ \ \ \ Michael DorrisA staggering and important book, a book that manages without polemic to communicate at least an intimation of the unthinkable. — Chicago Tribune\ \ \ New York Times Book ReviewHelps us understand, better than we did before, not only what they did to make the Holocaust happen but also how they were transformed psychologically from the ordinary men of [the] title into active participants in the most monstrous crime in human history.\ \ \ \ \ New York Times Book ReviewHelps us understand, better than we did before, not only what they did to make the Holocaust happen but also how they were transformed psychologically from the ordinary men of [the] title into active participants in the most monstrous crime in human history.\ \
