Pasteur's Quadrant; Basic Science and Technological Innovation
The author recasts the widely accepted view of the tension between scientific understanding and use and builds a convincing case that by recognizing the importance of use-inspired basic research, we can frame a new contract between science and government.
Search in google:
The author recasts the widely accepted view of the tension between scientific understanding and use and builds a convincing case that by recognizing the importance of use-inspired basic research, we can frame a new contract between science and government.
1Stating the Problem1Forging the Postwar Paradigm2The Concepts of Basic and Applied Research6Static and Dynamic Forms of the Paradigm9The Experience of Science12Science and Technology18Who Reaps the Technological Harvest from Science?23A Paradox in the History of Ideas242The Rise of the Modern Paradigm26The Ideal of Pure Inquiry in Classical Times27The Ideal of the Control of Nature in Early Modern Science30Institutionalizing the Separation of Pure from Applied in Europe34Institutionalizing the Separation of Pure from Applied in America38Reinforcing the Separation: American Science in the Aftermath of World War II45The Reception of Bush's Plan503Transforming the Paradigm58Early Dissents59Official Reporting Categories64Expanding the Dimensional Image70Probing the Framework75Rethinking the Dynamic Paradigm84Implications for Policy894Renewing the Compact between Science and Government90Collapse of the Postwar Bargain91The Opening for Renewal96Strengthening the Case for Pure Research99Capturing the Benefit in Technology104Institutionalizing a New Compact1065Basic Science and American Democracy111Recognizing Scientific Promise and Social Value at the Project Level113Linking Scientific Promise to Social Value at the Wholesale Level121Evaluating the NIH Model137Linking Scientific Judgment with Political Authority142Notes153Index174
