Philosophical Foundations of Education
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Presenting breadth and depth of coverage in a highly readable style, the 8th edition of this popular survey text again provides balanced treatment of all the major schools of thought about education. The authors address how philosophical ideas about education developed over time—arranging their coverage in chronological order—and pay close attention to historical context, while emphasizing each philosophy's continuing relevance to education today. For each philosophy, they show its application in aims, curriculum, methods, and teaching. Additionally, they critically assess each philosophy, and examine how numerous other scholars view it. The new edition now offers a greater emphasis on women and minorities such as Montessori, De Beauvoir, Greene, DeBois, King, and West.
Introduction 1The Need for Philosophy of Education 1Branches of Philosophy 2Theory and Practice in Education 6The Quest in Philosophy in Education 10Developing a Philosophical Perspective on Education 12Selected Readings 131 Idealism and Education 14Development of Idealism 14Platonic Idealism 15 • Religious Idealism 18Development of Modern Idealism 20Idealism as a Philosophy of Education 27Aims of Education 28 • Methods of Education 32 • Curriculum 35 • Role of the Teacher 36Critique of Idealism in Education 37Plato: The Republic 41Kant: Education 442 Realism and Education 48Classical Traditions 48Aristotelian Realism 48 • Religious Realism 53Development of Modern Realism 56Contemporary Realism 59Realism as a Philosophy of Education 65Aims of Education 65 • Methods of Education 71 • Curriculum 74 • Role of the Teacher 75Critique of Realism in Education 77Aristotle: The Politics and Ethics of Aristotle 81Locke: Some Thoughts Concerning Education 863 Eastern Philosophy, Religion, and Education 91The Development of Eastern Thought 92Far Eastern and Indian Thought 92Indian Thought 93 • Chinese Thought 102 • Japanese Thought 106Middle Eastern Thought 108Eastern Thought and Philosophy of Education 113Aims of Education 113 • Methods and Curriculum 115 • Role of the Teacher 116Critique of Eastern Philosophy in Education 116Bhagavad-Gita 118Suzuki: Zen Mind, Beginner’s Mind 1224 Pragmatism and Education 127Roots of the Pragmatist Worldview 127Induction: A New Way of Thinking 128 • Centrality of Experience 129 • Science and Society 132American Pragmatists 134Pragmatism as a Philosophy of Education 144Aims of Education 145 • Methods of Education 148 • Curriculum 150 • Role of the Teachers 151Critique of Pragmatism in Education 154James: Talks to Teachers 156Dewey: Democracy and Education 1615 Reconstructionism and Education 167Historical Background of Reconstructionism 167Philosophy of Reconstructionism 171Reconstructionism as a Philosophy of Education 180Education and the Human Crisis 180 • Role of the School 183 • Aims of Education 185 • Methods of Education 186 • Curriculum 187 • Role of the Teacher 189Critique of Reconstructionism in Education 190Counts: Dare the Schools Build a New Social Order? 193Shane and Shane: Educating the Youngest for Tomorrow 1966 Behaviorism and Education 200Philosophical Bases of Behaviorism 201Realism 201 • Materialism 202 • Early Behaviorists 203 • Behaviorism and Positivism 204Philosophical Aspects of Behaviorism 206Behaviorism as a Philosophy of Education 212Aims of Education 212 • Methods and Curriculum 215 • Role of the Teacher 219Critique of Behaviorism in Education 220Hobbes: The Leviathan 224Skinner: Beyond Freedom and Dignity 2287 Existentialism, Phenomenology, and Education 234Existentialist Philosophers and Their Thought 234Existentialism in Modern Life 241Phenomenological Philosophers and Their Thought 243Heidegger and Phenomenology 244 • Phenomenology and Hermeneutics 246Existentialism and Phenomenology in Philosophy of Education 247Aims of Education 247 • Methods of Education 252 • Curriculum 255 • Role of the Teacher 255Critique of Existentialism and Phenomenology in Education 258Sartre: Existentialism and Humanism 261Greene: Landscapes of Learning 2648 Analytic Philosophy and Education 269Analytic Movement in Philosophy 269Realism and the Early Analytic Movement 270 • Logical Positivism and Analysis 274 • Linguistic Analysis 277Philosophical Analysis and Philosophy of Education 282Aims of Education 286 • Methods of Education 289 • Curriculum 291 • Role of the Teacher 291Critique of Analytic Philosophy in Education 292Martin: On the Reduction of “Knowing That” to “Knowing How” 295Barrow: Does the Question “What Is Education?” Make Sense? 2989 Marxism and Education 304Origins of Marxism 304Materialism 304 • Socialism 306 • Political Economy 306The Philosophy of Karl Marx 307Western Marxism and the Origins of “Critical Theory” 314The Frankfurt School 315Marxism as a Philosophy of Education 317Aims of Education 317 • Methods and Curriculum 322 • Role of the Teacher 325Critique of Marxism in Education 326Marx: On Education 33010 Philosophy, Education, and the Challenge of Postmodernism 337Postmodern Variety 337Postmodernism and Philosophy 339Postmodern Philosophy and Its European Backgrounds 340 • Criticisms of Postmodernism 345Postmodern Philosophy and Education 346Aims of Education 348 • Methods and Curriculum 351 • Role of the Teacher 353Critique of Postmodernism in Education 355Giroux: Border Pedagogy as Postmodern Resistance 358Nuyen: Lyotard as Moral Educator 363Useful Web Sites and Internet Links 370Selected Bibliography 373Index 384
