Poverty and the Environment: Understanding Linkages at the Household Level
Drawing upon recent analytical work prepared inside and outside the World Bank, this report identifies key lessons concerning the linkages between poverty and the environment. With a focus on the contribution of environmental resources to household welfare, the analysis increases our understanding of how specific reforms and interventions can have an impact on the health and livelihoods of poor people.\ 'Scholars and development practitioners increasingly recognize that in low-income...
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Drawing upon recent analytical work prepared inside and outside the World Bank, this report identifies key lessons concerning the linkages between poverty and the environment. With a focus on the contribution of environmental resources to household welfare, the analysis increases our understanding of how specific reforms and interventions can have an impact on the health and livelihoods of poor people. "Scholars and development practitioners increasingly recognize that in low-income countries there are inextricable links between poverty reduction and natural resources management. Demand has grown immensely for not only more, but better empirical evidence on those links. This volume offers a careful synthesis of key findings from growing literature on the environmental determinants of household welfare, as reflected by indicators of consumption, health, and income. The primary contribution of this study is that is has drawn out vital policy conclusions that will be of value to organizations and governments concerned about poverty and the environment in the developing world."
Acknowledgments viiUnderstanding Poverty-Environment Linkages at the Household Level 1Poverty and Environmental Change at the Macro Scale 2Environmental Management and Pathways to Household Welfare 5Scope of the Report 7Some Key Conclusions 9Local Natural Resources, Poverty, and Degradation: Examining Empirical Regularities 11The Importance of Environmental Income to the Poor 12Commons as a Source of Insurance 15The Effect of Growth on Local Resource Use 18Welfare Impacts of Degradation 20The Role of Poverty in Environmental Change 22Conclusions 24Health Outcomes and Environmental Pathogens 27Theoretical Linkages between Health Outcomes and Environmental Conditions 28Empirical Evidence of Linkages between Health Outcomes and Environmental Conditions 33How Robust Are the Empirical Findings? 41Conclusions and Tentative Policy Implications 42Household Welfare and Policy Reforms 45Selected Policy Reforms: Evidence from Case Studies 46Challenges and Data Limitations 57Conclusion 59Directions for Change 61Use of Local Natural Resources 61Design Principles for Improving Environmental Health 63Better Data for Monitoring Change 63Policy Reforms for Managing the Environment and Reducing Poverty 64Moving Forward 65References 67
