Production Chemicals for the Oil and Gas Industry
Modern production methods and environmental constraints demand chemical solutions. And as oilfields age, the need for chemicals to ensure steady production increases. Production Chemicals for the Oil and Gas Industry describes classes of production chemicals for use topside and downhole in the upstream oil and gas industry. It includes coverage of their mechanisms, deployment methods, and, where available, environmental properties.\ The first chapter gives a general overview of production...
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Modern production methods and environmental constraints demand chemical solutions. And as oilfields age, the need for chemicals to ensure steady production increases. Production Chemicals for the Oil and Gas Industry describes classes of production chemicals for use topside and downhole in the upstream oil and gas industry. It includes coverage of their mechanisms, deployment methods, and, where available, environmental properties.The first chapter gives a general overview of production chemistry issues, the factors that affect the choice of production chemicals, environmental regulations, suggestions for designing greener chemicals, and a brief overview of how to remove mercury and arsenic compounds from production fluids. Each of the remaining chapters begins with an introduction to a problem for which there is a production chemical. The author discusses chemical and non-chemical methods, and then thoroughly details the structural classes of production chemicals and how they can be tested. He includes information on the use of the chemical or technique in the field. References at the end of each chapter provide details on the synthesis, testing, theory, and application of each type of chemical.Unfortunately, crude oil production is characterized by variable production rates and unpredictable changes to the nature of the produced fluids. Unlike other texts that focus on how products perform in the field and how they are tested, this book focuses on the specific structures of a range of chemicals that are known to deliver the required or desired performance. It also provides an understanding of the issues involved in the use of chemicals and a range of production chemical additives that may be used to rectify issues that would not otherwise be fully resolved.
Ch. 1 Introduction and Environmental Issues 1Ch. 2 Water and Gas Control 21Ch. 3 Scale Control 53Ch. 4 Asphaltene Control 111Ch. 5 Acid Stimulation 149Ch. 6 Sand Control 185Ch. 7 Control of Naphthenate and Other Carboxylate Fouling 189Ch. 8 Corrosion Control during Production 195Ch. 9 Gas Hydrate Control 225Ch. 10 Wax (Paraffin) Control 261Ch. 11 Demulsifiers 291Ch. 12 Foam Control 313Ch. 13 Flocculants 319Ch. 14 Biocides 335Ch. 15 Hydrogen Sulfide Scavengers 363Ch. 16 Oxygen Scavengers 377Ch. 17 Drag-Reducing Agents 383Appendix OSPAR Environmental Regulations for Oilfield Chemicals 405References 410Index 413
