Punjabi
Punjabi is an Indo-European language spoken in India and Pakistan, as well as in other countries outside Asia, and is recognized as one of the fifteen official languages of India. Along with Lhanda and the Western Pahari (Himalayan) dialects, Punjabi is the only modern\ Indo-European language which has developed tonal contrast. Together with Indian and Pakistani varieties of Punjabi, this book attempts to account for the linguistic and sociolinguistic properties of British and Canadian...
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Punjabi is a modern Indo-Aryan language spoken primarily in South Asian countries--India and Pakistan--but also in countries within the United Kingdom and Canada. Recognized as one of the fifteen official languages of India, Punjabi is spoken--as either first or second language--by approximately forty-five million people. Primarily written in three distinct scripts (Gurumukhi, Perso-Arabic, and Devanagari), a unique feature of the language is that it is tonal in nature. Along with Lahanda and the Western Pahari (Himalayan) dialects, Punjabi is the only modern Indo-Aryan language which has developed tonal contrast.Along with a discussion of Indian and Pakistani varieties of Punjabi, Tej Bhatia also accounts for the linguistic and sociolinguistic properties of British and Canadian varieties. The book will invaluable to linguists working in the area of South Asian Linguistics, language universals, language typology, comparative syntax, morphology or phonology, and linguistic variation.
AcknowledgementKey to Abbreviations and symbolsMapsIntroductionHistory of the languageLingua QuestionnaireTranscriptionChart of Gurmukhi AlphabetSyntax11.1General Questions11.2Structural Questions821.3Coordination1031.4Negation1171.5Anaphora1241.6Reflexives1311.7Reciprocals1371.8Comparison1401.9Equatives1441.10Possession1461.11Emphasis1481.12Topic1591.13-14Heavy Shift and Other Movement Rules1601.15Minor Sentence Types1611.16Operational Definitions of Word Classes162Morphology1642.1Inflectional Morphology1642.2Derivational Morphology279Phonology3303.1Phonological Units (Segmental)3303.2Phonotactics3383.3Suprasegmentals3423.4Morphophonology3463.5Morphophonology (Suprasegmental)351Ideophones and Interjections3524.1Ideophones3524.2Interjections353Lexicon3555.1Structured Semantic Fields3555.2Basic Vocabulary362Appendices368Bibliography398Index407
