Reading Literature and Writing Argument

PART I RHETORIC 11 The Literature and Argument ConnectionPracticing Critical Inquiry and Expanding Thinking 2Academic Argument and Critical Inquiry 3Reading to Expand Thinking 5from “Cathedral” 6Raymond Carver, from “Cathedral” 00“For deLawd” 6Lucille Clifton, “For deLawd” 00Activities 8Marge Piercy, “To Be of Use” 8Jane Martin, “Rodeo” 92 Examining Thinking and Analyzing Argument 12Examining Thinking 13from Romeo and Juliet 14William Shakespeare, from Romeo and Juliet 00from The Crucible 16Arthur Miller, from The Crucible 00Logical Fallacies 18Activities 19Analyzing Argument 21Claims 21Randy Horick, “Truer to the Game” 21Kenneth Rexroth, “Cold before Dawn” 23Ezra Pound, “In a Station of the Metro” 24William Blake, “London” 24Evidence 25Assumptions 26Audience Appeal and Tone: Pathos, Logos, Ethos 27Pathos 28Martín Espada, “Federico’s Ghost” 28Logos 30William Shakespeare, “Sonnet 18” 30Ethos 31William Shakespeare, “Sonnet 130” 31Jamaica Kincaid, “Girl” 32Activities 33Robert Hayden, “Those Winter Sundays” 34Wilfred Owen, “Dulce Et Decorum Est” 35Robert Crumb, “A Short History of America” 37Paul Madonna, “All Over Coffee” 383 Talking Voice and Writing Arguments 38Voice and Writing in College 39Activities 40Basic Tasks for Writing Arguments 41Personal Perspective Arguments 41Shawn Mullin, “Yes, the Future Looks Bright, but the MomentIs Hell” 41Daphne Beckham, “Perspective on Men” 43Research-Based Arguments 45Meredith Newman Blanco, “Who Are the Real Victims ofAlcoholism?” 45Lisa Colletti, “Super-Size It!” 49Activities 544 Strategies for Writing Academic Arguments 56Clarifying a Subject, Purpose, and Audience 57Basic Tools for Designing Your Argument 57The Heart of an Argument Is Its Claim: Claims of Fact, Value, and Policy–Which Type of Claim Is Best for Your Argument? 58The Body of an Argument Is Its Evidence 59Appeals to Ethos, Logos, Pathos 59Rhetorical Context 60Counterarguments: Concessions and Refutations 60Strategy Questions for Organizing Your Argument Essay 60Argument Outline 61Annotated Student Essay 62Rogerian Argument: Creative Problem Solving 66Activity 67Rogerian Argument Organizational Plan 67Annotated Student Essay 68Sample Student Collaboration Writing Project 72The Final Product 74Working with Sources 79Using Electronic Sources 80Avoiding Plagiarism when Note-Taking 80Documentation Systems 81The Preliminary Bibliography 81The Annotated Bibliography 82Creating a Draft 85Writing a Thesis/Claim Statement 85Activity 85From Claim to Outline to Draft 86Incorporating Sources 86Paraphrasing and Summarizing 86Direct Quotations 87In-Text Parenthetical Citations 88Print Sources 88Electronic Sources 89The Works Cited Page 89Activity:Try It Yourself—Finding Ideas and Planning an AcademicArgument 91PART II ANTHOLOGY 935 Individuality and Community 94Fiction 98Kate Chopin, “Désirée’s Baby” 98Stephen Crane,“The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky” 102Louise Erdrich, “The Red Convertible” 111Laura Hendrie, “Corsage” 118Edward P. Jones, “The Store” 130Randall Kenan, “The Foundations of the Earth” 149Maile Meloy, “Ranch Girl” 162Ernesto Quinon~ez, from Bodega Dreams 167Poetry 173Sherman Alexie, “The Reservation Cab Driver” 173Michael Cleary, “Burning Dreams on the Sun” 174Countee Cullen, “Incident” 175Emily Dickinson, “Much madness is divinest sense” 176T. S. Eliot, “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock” 176Jack Gilbert, “Trying to Sleep” 181Judy Grahn, “Ella, in a square apron, along Highway 80” 182Etheridge Knight, “Hard Rock Returns to Prison from the Hospital for theCriminal Insane” 183Don Marquis, “the lesson of the moth” 184Claude McKay, “Outcast” 186Dwight Okita, “In Response to Executive Order 9066” 187Mary Oliver, “Wild Geese” 188Edwin Arlington Robinson, “Richard Cory” 189Muriel Rukeyser, “The Lost Romans” 190Cathy Song, “Lost Sister” 191Gary Soto, “Mexicans Begin Jogging” 193Wallace Stevens, “Disillusionment at Ten O’Clock” 194Alma Luz Villanueva, “Crazy Courage” 195Walt Whitman, “I Saw in Louisiana a Live-OakGrowing” 196Drama 198Los Vendidos 198Nonfiction 208Sherman Alexie, “Superman and Me” 208John Hope Franklin, “The Train from Hate” 211Martin Luther King, Jr., “Letter from Birmingham Jail” 212Plato, from Crito 225Richard Rodriguez, “The Chinese in All of Us” 230Fred Setterberg, “The Usual Story” 236Jonathan Swift, “A Modest Proposal” 238Henry David Thoreau, “Civil Disobedience” 245Chapter Activities and Topics for Writing Arguments 260Global Perspectives Research/Writing Topics 261Collaboration Activity: Creating a Rogerian Argument 262Making Connections 2636 Nature and Place 265Fiction 269Rick Bass, “Antlers” 269James Fenimore Cooper, “The Slaughter of the Pigeons,” 277Pam Houston, “A Blizzard under Blue Sky” 283Ursula K. Le Guin, “May’s Lion” 288Jack London, “To Build a Fire” 294Leslie Marmon Silko, “The Man to Send Rain Clouds” 305Eudora Welty, “A Worn Path” 309Virginia Woolf, “Kew Gardens” 316Poetry 321Lucille Clifton, “For deLawd” 321James Dickey, “Deer among Cattle” 323Carolyn Forché, “Dulcimer Maker” 323Robert Frost, “A Young Birch” 324Linda Hogan, “Heartland” 325Galway Kinnell, “Saint Francis and the Sow” 326Denise Levertov, “The Victors” 327Rainer Maria Rilke, “The Panther” 328Theodore Roethke, “Meditation at Oyster River” 329Pattiann Rogers, “Rolling Naked in the Morning Dew” 331Carl Sandburg, “Chicago” 333Anne Sexton, “The Fury of Flowers and Worms” 335Gary Snyder, “The Call of the Wild” 336William Stafford, “Traveling through the Dark” 338Walt Whitman, “from Song of Myself ” 339Walt Whitman, “from Song of Myself ” 340William Wordsworth, “To My Sister” 341James Wright, “A Blessing” 342Nonfiction 344Edward Abbey, “Eco-Defense” 344Rachel Carson, “The Obligation to Endure” 346Annie Dillard, “fromThe Present,” in Pilgrim at TinkerCreek 351Ralph Waldo Emerson, from Nature 353Jane Goodall, “A Plea for the Chimpanzees” 358Aldous Huxley, “Time and the Machine,” 364Verlyn Klinkenborg, “At the Edge of the Visible” 366Aldo Leopold, “Thinking Like a Mountain” 367N. Scott Momaday, from The Way to Rainy Mountain 370Janisse Ray, “Forest Beloved,” from Ecology of a Cracker Childhood 375Henry David Thoreau, “Solitude,” 378Chapter Activities and Topics for Writing Arguments 384Global Perspectives Research/Writing Topics 386Collaboration Activity: Creating a Rogerian Argument 387Making Connections 3887 Family and Identity 390Fiction 394Kate Chopin, “The Storm” 394Lydia Davis, “Break It Down” 398Ernest Hemingway, “Hills Like White Elephants” 403Fae Myenne Ng, “A Red Sweater” 407Grace Paley, “A Conversation with My Father” 414John Updike, “Separating” 418Alice Walker, “Everyday Use” 426Poetry 434Anne Bradstreet, “To My Dear and Loving Husband” 434Gwendolyn Brooks, “The Mother” 435Gwendolyn Brooks, “Ulysses” 437Michael Cleary, “Boss’s Son” 438Gregory Corso, “Marriage” 440Nikki Giovanni, “Mothers” 443Thomas Hardy, “The Ruined Maid” 445Seamus Heaney, “Digging” 446Peter Meinke, “Advice to My Son” 447Naomi Shihab Nye, “Arabic Coffee” 448Sharon Olds, “I Go Back to May, 1937” 449Mary Oliver, “The Black Walnut Tree” 451Dudley Randall, “Ballad of Birmingham” 452Adrienne Rich, “Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers” 453Adrienne Rich, “Delta” 454Anne Sexton, “Cinderella” 454Gary Snyder, “Not Leaving the House” 457Mark Strand, “The Continuous Life” 458Margaret Walker, “Lineage” 460Richard Wilbur, “The Writer” 461Drama 463Harvey Fierstein, On Tidy Endings 463Nonfiction 481Sullivan Ballou, “Major Sullivan Ballou’s Last Letter to His Wife” 481Robin D. G. Kelley, “The People in Me” 483Peter D. Kramer, “Divorce and Our National Values” 486Pauli Murray, “The Inheritance of Values” 489Scott Russell Sanders, “The Men We Carry in Our Minds” 493Chapter Activities and Topics for Writing Arguments 498Global Perspectives Research/Writing Topics 500Collaboration Activity: Creating a Rogerian Argument 501Making Connections 5028 Power and Responsibility 503Fiction 507Toni Cade Bambara, “The Lesson” 507Raymond Carver, “Cathedral” 513Nadine Gordimer, “Terminal” 524Nathaniel Hawthorne, “The Birth-Mark” 527Tim O’Brien, “The Things They Carried” 539Brady Udall, “He Becomes Deeply and Famously Drunk” 552Ed Vega, “Spanish Roulette” 570Poetry 579Gwendolyn Brooks, “The Boy Died in My Alley” 579Martín Espada, “Bully” 580Carolyn Forché, “The Colonel” 581Robert Frost, “Mending Wall” 583Langston Hughes, “Democracy” 584Langston Hughes, “Theme for English B” 585Claude McKay, “America” 587James Merrill, “Casual Wear” 588Edna St. Vincent Millay, “Apostrophe to Man” 588John Milton, “When I Consider How My Light Is Spent” 589Naomi Shihab Nye, “Famous” 590Sharon Olds, “The Promise” 591Linda Pastan, “Ethics” 592Public Enemy, “Fight the Power” 593Walt Whitman, “Beat! Beat! Drums!” 595Nonfiction 597Francis Bacon, “Of Revenge” 597Cochise, “[I am alone]” 598John Crawford, “Lies” from “The Last True Story I’ll Ever Tell” 600Alex Epstein and Yaron Brook, “The Evil of Animal ‘Rights’” 604Allan Gurganus, “Captive Audience” 605John F. Kennedy, “Inaugural Address, January 20, 1961” 609Abraham Lincoln,“Second Inaugural Address, March 4, 1865” 611George Orwell, “A Hanging” 613Katherine Anne Porter, “To Dr.William Ross” 617Tom Regan, “Religion and Animal Rights” 619Frank Schaeffer and John Schaeffer, “My Son the Marine?” fromKeeping Faith: A Father Son Story about Love and the U.S. MarineCorps 629Suzanne Winckler, “A Savage Life” 632Richard Wright, from Black Boy 634Chapter Activities and Topics for Writing Arguments 639Global Perspectives Research/Writing Topics 641Collaboration Activity: Creating a Rogerian Argument 642Making Connections 643Glossary 645Authors’ Biographical Notes 651Text Credits 000Author/Title Index 000Subject Index 000