Sexuality
Sexuality has always been a rather obsessive human concern. Although it has been the true subject of countless past cultural, religious, and political discourses that did not dare to mention it directly--or even indirectly--today we possess both the language and the cultural gusto to discuss it as straightforwardly as we like. Indeed, we sometimes do so with a frankness that would have shocked people only a few decades ago. For now it seems impossible to contemplate human happiness without...
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Sexuality has always been a rather obsessive human concern. Although it has been the true subject of countless past cultural, religious, and political discourses that did not dare to mention it directly—or even indirectly—today we possess both the language and the cultural gusto to discuss it as straightforwardly as we like. Indeed, we sometimes do so with a frankness that would have shocked people only a few decades ago. For now it seems impossible to contemplate human happiness without some measure of sexual fulfillment, although this topic remains a notoriously elusive and negotiable ideal. Furthermore, we are unlikely to understand the promise or the limits of our contemporary sexualities unless we understand those of the past. Sexuality offers a fascinating look at this controversial subject, collecting texts ranging from antiquity to the present. It is the only reader of its kind that organizes material chronologically and covers such a long period. Part I forms a chronological narrative of the development of thinking about sexuality from the ancient Greeks to the present. Part II discusses nineteenth-century investigation of phenomena such as hysteria. prostitution, and fetishism. Part III brings together contermporary conceptions of the sexual body, and Part IV addresses the issue of whether the sexual revolution of the late sixties and seventies has brought about a permanent change in the sexual landscape of western civilization. Sexuality is ideal for use in undergraduate courses in a variety of disciplines including history, women's studies, medical history, sociology, gay and lesbian studies, anthropology, religion, and literary studies.
Introduction: Historicizing Sexuality3IBefore 'Sexuality'I.aThe Ancient World171Inanna Rejoicing in her Vulva192Festivals of Licence213Sowing the Field224Active and Passive Sexuality235The Speech of Pausanias266Were the Greeks Bisexual?287Honourable Sexuality29I.bEarly Christianity318Non-Christian Roots of Christian Sexual Pessimism339Paul and Christian Marriage3410The Earliest Christian Ascetics3511Celibacy vs. the Family3712The Six Degrees of Chastity38I.cThe Middle Ages4013Do Women Produce 'Seed'?4214Sex and Pleasure4415Is Female Pleasure Necessary for Conception?4516The Dangers of Female Lust4617The Manner of Intercourse48I.dThe Renaissance and Religious Reform5118Fornication and then Marriage5419Uncontrollable Love5520Protestant Sexual Discipline5621Catholic Sexual Discipline5822Sexuality in the Confessional5923Trial by Sexual Congress6124Sodomy and its Punishment6325Sodomy and Sin in New England6426Sodomy and Moral Panic in the Low Countries65I.eEnlightenment and Revolution6727Sexual Self-Discipline: The Princess of Cleves7028Civility and Self-Discipline7029Sexuality and Identity7130Exception and Norm7331Sex under the Skin7432'Deep Sex' in the Skeleton7533Sexual Complementarity7834Romantic Marriage, Women, and Fertility7835The Use of Female Orgasm8036The Sexuality of the Queen8137The Sexual Contract82I.fUp from the Beast: The Triumph of Middle-Class Sexuality8438Bourgeois Sex8739The Middle Class and the State8940Peasant Sexuality9141From Peasant to Bourgeois9342Middle-Class Views of Working-Class Sexuality9543Hygiene, Morality, and Class9644Sexual Respectability in the Working Class9845The Ideal of Transcendent Love9946Spirituality and Sexual Pleasure10147Passion amidst Propriety10448Sexual Segregation10649Intimacy between Women10750Intimacy between Men109IIThe Discovery of 'Sexuality' at the Turn of the CenturyII.aDoctors and Sexual Disorders115II.a.iExperts11551Professionalization and Medical Problems11652Degeneration11753The Priest and the Doctor11854Degenerate Sexuality120II.a.iiHysteria12255Hysteria and Repression12356Hysteria and the Prostitute12457Sexual Hysteria12558Prostitute and Saint126II.a.iiiProstitution12859Stigmatization and the Contagious Diseases Act12960Stigmatization of Prostitutes13161Prostitution and New Forms of Desire13262The Need for Chastity in Males134II.a.ivMasturbation13763Sexual Self-Observation13864Masturbation and Degeneracy13965Between Abstinence and Masturbation141II.bThe Perversions14366Individualism and Sexuality14567Biological Foundations14668Pathology and Norm14769Perversity and Perversion149II.b.iInversion15070Biological and Social Causation15271Hegemony of the Two-Sex Model: Males15372Hegemony of the Two-Sex Model: Females15473The Medicalization of 'Inverted' Sexuality157II.b.iiSadism16174Sadism as an Exaggeration of Heterosexual Love162II.b.iiiMasochism16575The Origins of Masochism16676Masochism in Women16877Christian Masochism?169II.b.ivFetishism17278Fetishism and Modern Civilization17379Fetishism and Impotence17580Impotence and the Idealization of Women176II.b.vExhibitionism17981Exhibitionism and Deviance180II.b.viFreud and Psychoanalysis18482The Sexual Aberrations18583A New Style of Psychiatric Reasoning192II.b.viiHeterosexuality19684Heterosexuality as a Perversion19785The Invention of Heterosexuality198IIIThe Twentieth-Century Sexual BodyIII.aThe Evolution of Sex20586Sexual Selection20887Sexual Difference20988Variation and Evolution21489The Origins of Sexual Reproduction21590Sperm Competition Theory21891Female Adultery221III.bHermaphroditism/Intersexuality22492Hermaphroditism and the Orders of Nature22593Gonadal Sex22794The Developmental Etiology of Hermaphroditism23095The Kinds of Sex23196How to Build a Man233III.cThe Discovery of Hormones23997Testicular Rejuvenation24298The Monkey Gland Affair24699Hormones and Sex Difference247100Masculine and Feminine Hormones250III.dDevelopmental Biology and Psychology253101The Sexual Enlightenment of Children255102The Invention of Adolescence256103Changing Meanings of Menarche259104How Play Reveals Sexual Difference261III.eThe Physiology of Sexual Function265105The Female Orgasm267106Psychology is Physiology269107The Human Sexual Response Cycle270III.fTranssexuality276108The First Sex Change Operation278109The Truth of Sexual Desire279110The Truth of Anatomy281111The Reassertion of Gender282III.gThe Gay Gene and the Sexual Brain285112The Gay Gene287113The Sexual Brain290114The Biological Evidence Challenged293115Male Homosexual Desire302IVSexual Revolution?IV.aPioneers of Sex Reform309116The Origins of the Birth Control Movement312117The Deconstruction of Victorian Sexuality314118Sexual Radicalism317119The Ironies of State Promotion of Births: The Italian Case320120The Ironies of Sex Education: The French Case322121More Rational Sex: The German Case324IV.bSecond Wave Sexology329122The Sexual Misery of Modern Man332123The Limitations of Sexual Enlightenment in Marriage334124New Male Responsibilities338125The Radical Motives of Kinsey's Sex Research341126Kinsey's Seven-Point Scale of Sexual Identity345IV.cStripping Off127Eros and Human Emancipation351128Women's Sexual Liberation354129Sexual Utopias356130Public Celebrations358131What Sexual Revolution?360132The Sexual Revolution Was for Men361IV.dComing Out364133Political Reform in Britain366134Lesbian Generations369135'Coming out' as a Rite of Passage373136The Gay Clone376IV.eA Golden Age for Pornography?381137The Cruelty of the Inner Self383138Why Men Like Porn385139Feminist Puritanism388140Female-Friendly Porn389141Taming the Perversion392IV.fAIDS395142The Origins of the Epidemic397143Shilts's Miserable Failure399144The Sexual Ecology of HIV402145Media Fabrications405IV.gSex Surveys: Have We Returned to Normal?409146The Evolution of Sexual Practices411147Homosexuality in America412148A Gendered Interpretation of Orgasm414149The Cultural Bias of Sex Surveys415150Sex and the Single College Student419Notes427Select Bibliography472Biographical Notes475Source Acknowledgements485Index495
