Spatial Language: Cognitive and Computational Perspectives
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People constantly talk to each other about experience or knowledge resulting from spatial perception; they describe the size, shape, orientation and position of objects using a wide range of spatial expressions. The semantic treatment of such expressions presents particular challenges for natural language processing. The meaning representation used must be capable of distinguishing between fine-grained sense differences and ambiguities grounded in our experience and perceptual structure. While there have been many different approaches to the representation and processing of spatial expressions, most computational characterisations have been restricted to particularly narrow problem domains. The chapters in the present volume reflect a commitment to the development of cognitively informed computational treatments of spatial language and spatial representation. Therefore the chapters present computational work, empirical work, or a combination of both. The book will appeal to all those interested in spatial language and spatial representation, whether they work in artificial intelligence, cognitive science, cognitive psychology or linguistics.
PrefaceContributors1Reasoning about Shape using the Tangential Axis Transform or the Shape's "Grain"12A Conceptual Model for Representing Verbal Expressions used in Route Descriptions193Resolving Ambiguous Descriptions through Visual Information434An Anthropomorphic Agent for the Use of Spatial Language695Gesture, Thought, and Spatial Language876Organization of Temporal Situations1037Grounding Meaning in Visual Knowledge. A Case Study: Dimensional Adjectives1218Understanding How We Think about Space1479The Real Story of "Over"?16510Generating Spatial Descriptions from a Cognitive Point of View18511Multiple Frames of Reference in Interpreting Complex Projective Terms20912Goal-Directed Effects on Processing a Spatial Environment. Indications from Memory and Language23313Memory for Text and Memory for Space. Two Concurrent Memory Systems?255Author index271Subject Index279
