Speaking of Sexuality

*=New to this edition Each Part opens with an Introduction. Foreword, John D. DeLamater and Janet Shibley Hyde Preface, Pepper Schwartz About this Edition About the Contributors About the Editors AcknowledgementsPART I: HISTORICAL, THEORETICAL, AND RESEARCH PERSPECTIVES ON SEXUALITY Chapter 1: Alfred Kinsey, Vern L. Bullough Bullough chronicled the life and career of Alfred Kinsey from biologist to renowned sex researcher, and offered numerous insights into why his work continues to be controversial.Chapter 2: Masters and Johnson, Vern L. Bullough This brief history of Masters and Johnson's research documents their clinical measurements of physiological sexual response that led to their often-cited, arbitrary four-stage division of the sexual response.Chapter 3: The Social Organization of Sexuality: Theoretical Background, Edward O. Laumann, John H. Gagnon, Robert T. Michael, and Stuart Michaels A noted research team describes the underlying theoretical basis for conducting their landmark survey of sexual behavior and attitudes in the United States.Chapter 4: Sex Among the Americans, Joseph Adelson In a well-written commentary, the author argues that the Laumann et al. study represents an accurate appraisal of sexual behavior in American society, i.e., that "everyone is not playing around."* Chapter 5: Origins of Mating Behavior, David M. Buss Evolutionary psychology is used as a framework to explore the role of sexual strategies as adaptive solutions to human mating problems.PART II: SEXUALITY AND THE LIFE CYCLE: CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENCE Chapter 6: Human Sexual Development, John D. DeLamater and William N. Friedrich Two seasoned professionals trace human sexual development throughout the life cycle from the psychological, physiological, and social perspectives.Chapter 7: Current Religious Doctrines of Sexual and Erotic Development in Childhood, Robert T. Francoeur Using a literary approach, Francoeur assesses the influence of religious doctrines on the sexual development of children in Western society.Chapter 8: Early Childhood Exposure to Parental Nudity and Scenes of Parental Sexuality, Paul Okami, Richard Olmstead, Paul R. Abramson, and Laura Pendleton In this empirical investigation, the authors evaluate the supposed adverse effects of the "primal scene" on the long-term adjustment of children and their sexuality.* Chapter 9: Forbidden Fruit: Imitation Sex and the New Middle-Class Morality, Mark D. Regnerus The author presents evidence of a religious and social class patterning of sexual substitution activities (i.e., oral sex and anal intercourse) that is not about abstinence but about risk reduction and safeguarding one's future.Chapter 10: Negotiation of First Sexual Intercourse Among Latina Adolescent Mothers, Pamela I. Erickson Using the case-study method, the authors provide numerous insights into the role of cultural and social factors in the early initiation of sexual intercourse among Latina adolescent mothers.PART III: SEXUALITY AND THE LIFE CYCLE: YOUNG ADULTHOOD * Chapter 11: Sexual Attitudes and Behavior at Four Universities: Do Region, Race, and/or Religion Matter?, J. Kenneth Davidson, Sr., Nelwyn B. Moore, John R. Earle, and Robert Davis This study sought to determine differences, if any, in sexual attitudes and behavior and risk-taking among students at four distinctly different universities: a historic Black public university; a largely white, Southern private university with a strong religious heritage; a Southwestern public university; and a Midwestern public university.* Chapter 12: Hooking Up: Men, Women, and the Sexual Double Standard, Kathleen A. Bogle An intriguing qualitative analysis of the growing phenomenon on college campuses of "Hooking Up", with an exploration of the new "rules of the road" and the vernacular, such as "friends with benefits" and "booty calls."* Chapter 13: Virginity Lost: A Natural Step, Laura M. Carpenter This fascinating research uses case studies to graphically describe how the first sexual intercourse experience changed the lives of women and men.Chapter 14: Communicating with New Sex Partners: College Women and Questions That Make a Difference, Nelwyn B. Moore and J. Kenneth Davidson, Sr. The investigators consider the role of communication practices in sexual risk-taking behaviors and in healthy sexual behaviors.* Chapter 15: What Turns Women On?: Black and White Women's Sexual Arousal, Katrenia Y. Reed Hughes and Veanne N. Anderson A provocative consideration of differences in sexual arousal between heterosexual Black and White college women, reacting to sexually explicit videos of Black and White men that were used as a research stimulus.PART IV: SEXUALITY AND THE LIFE CYCLE: MIDDLE AND LATER ADULTHOOD * Chapter 16: Premarital Sex, Premarital Cohabitation, and the Risk of Subsequent Marital Dissolution Among Women, Jay Teachman The researcher addresses the question of whether or not prior experience with premarital sexual intercourse and cohabitation adversely affects the stability of marriage, leading to subsequent marital dissolution.Chapter 17: Passionate Marriage, David M. Schnarch In search of a healthy, passionate marriage, Schnarch explores individual and relationship problems that manifest themselves in dysfunctional sexual styles and sexual dissatisfaction.* Chapter 18: Physical Women, Emotional Men: Gender and Sexual Satisfaction in Midlife, Laura M. Carpenter, Constance A. Nathanson, and Young J. Kim This study addresses the social factors that contribute to the substantially lower levels of sexual satisfaction reported by late, midlife heterosexual women when compared to heterosexual men.* Chapter 19: Sexual Behavior in Later Life, John DeLamater and Sarah M. Moorman The researchers in this article analyzed the influence of age as well as biological and psychosocial factors on sexual expression in later life.* Chapter 20: The New Virility: Viagra, Male Aging, and Sexual Function, Barbara L. Marshall An exploration of the historical and contemporary dimensions of emerging sexual performance standards for aging men and the medicalization of male sexuality in later life by the health-care industry.PART V: GENDER AND SEXUALITY Chapter 21: Race, Gender, and Class in Sexual Scripts, Jenna Mahay, Edward O. Laumann, and Stuart Michaels Using data from the National Health and Social Life Survey, these researchers examine the differences in sexual practices and sexual scripts by race, gender, and social class, providing the most authoritative data since the publication of Kinsey's findings.Chapter 22: Sexual Desire and Gender, Pepper Schwartz and Virginia E. Rutter The complex intertwining of the physiological and the sociological circumstances is creatively depicted by Schwartz and Rutter, illustrating the paths that these factors often follow in producing sexual desire in the human female.Chapter 23: Venus in Furs: Estrogen and Desire, Natalie Angier Hailed as a scientific fantasia of womanhood, Angier takes readers on a mesmerizing tour of female anatomy and physiology, exploring the landscape from organs to orgasm.* Chapter 24: Truth and Consequences: Using the Bogus Pipeline to Examine Sex Differences in Self-Reported Sexuality , Michele G. Alexander and Terri D. Fisher This intriguing experiment tested whether more permissive sexual attitudes and behavior reported by men as compared to women might result from false accommodation to gender norms (i.e., distorted reporting consistent with gender stereotypes).PART VI: RELATIONSHIPS AND SEXUALITY Chapter 25: Sexuality in Marriage, Dating, and Other Relationships: A Decade Review, F. Scott Christopher and Susan Sprecher The authors chronicle the major advancements made in sexuality research during the decade of the 1990s, and address the findings within the context of interpersonal relationships.* Chapter 26: Web of Love: Lust, Romance, and Attachment, Helen Fisher The author approaches lust, romantic love, and attachment from an evolutionary, biological perspective while artfully reviewing the chemistry of sexual desire.* Chapter 27: The Close Relationships of Lesbians and Gay Men, Letitia Anne Peplau and Adam W. Fingerhut A comprehensive review of empirical studies of same-sex couples in the United States, with findings presented concerning relationship formation, division of household labor, power, satisfaction, sexuality, conflict, commitment, relationship stability, and child-rearing experiences.* Chapter 28: Adult Attachment, Sexual Satisfaction, and Relationship Satisfaction: A Study of Married Couples, Bethany Butzer and Lorne Campbell These researchers investigated the role of attachment in the reported levels of relationship and sexual satisfaction among married couples.PART VII: SEXUAL ORIENTATION Chapter 29: Human Sexual Orientation Has a Heritable Component, Richard C. Pillard and J. Michael Bailey The authors, a psychiatrist and a psychologist, marshal available biological and medical data to argue that homosexual and heterosexual orientations have genetic linkages, i.e., heritable components.Chapter 30: Why We Cannot Conclude That Sexual Orientation Is Primarily a Biological Phenomenon, William M. Byne This brief analysis raises questions about the limitations and possible misinterpretations of the biological and medical data claiming a genetic linkage to sexual orientation.Chapter 31: Do Parents Influence the Sexual Orientation of Their Children?, Susan E. Golombok and Fiona L. Tasker The findings from a longitudinal study of the sexual orientation of adults reared in lesbian families are highlighted.* Chapter 32: Using Queer Theory to Explore Lesbian College Students' Multiple Dimensions of Identity, Elisa S. Abes and David Kasch Queer theory and content analysis were applied to a developmental narrative of a lesbian college student to reveal the perceptions of her multiple identities as she negotiated her gender, sexuality, religion, and social class.* Chapter 33: Female Bisexuality from Adolescence to Adulthood: Results from a 10-Year Longitudinal Study, Lisa M. Diamond The author considers the issue of whether bisexuality is a temporary stage of denial or transition; a "third type" of sexual orientation; or a heightened capacity for sexual fluidity.* Chapter 34: Asexuality: Classification and Characterization, Nicole Prause and Cynthia A. Graham Purposes of this study were to ascertain the characteristics of asexuality and to test for predictors of this classification.PART VIII: SEXUAL HEALTH * Chapter 35: Silence Speaks Volumes: Parental Sexual Communication Among Asian American Emerging Adults, Janna L. Kim and L. Monique Ward Through qualitative research methods, the researchers examined the amount and type of parental sexual communication recalled by Asian American college students.* Chapter 36: Condom Use with a Casual Partner: What Distinguishes College Students' Use When Intoxicated?, Antonia Abbey, Michele R. Parkhill, Philip O. Buck, and Christopher Saenz The focus of this investigation was to determine the role of alcohol in sexual risk-taking, and to identify predictors of the frequency of condom use with alcohol intoxication.* Chapter 37: HIV/AIDS Protective Factors Among Urban American Indian Youths, Flavio F. Marsiglia, Tanya Nieri, and Arlene Rubin Stiffman The authors investigated how family and individual factors influence three HIV/AIDS risk behaviors: substance use at last intercourse; more than one sex partner in the last three months; and condom nonuse at last intercourse.* Chapter 38: Damaged Goods: Mixing Morality with Medicine, Adina Nack Writing from a personal perspective, the author explores the emergence of gendered morality associated with the medical treatment of select sexually transmitted diseases (HPV, HIV, and Genital Herpes), resulting in shame and stigmatization for the female patient.* Chapter 39: Depression and Sexual Functioning in Minority Women: Current Status and Future Directions, Roseanne D. Dobkin, Sandra R. Leiblum, Raymond C. Rosen, Matthew Menza, and Humberto Marin A comprehensive literature review revealing that sexual dysfunction and depression in women often co-occur, and the role of cultural factors in shaping the response to sexual dysfunction that results from antidepressant medications and from depression itself.PART IX: SEXUAL VICTIMIZATION AND COMPULSION * Chapter 40: The Relationship Between Childhood Sexual Abuse and Adult Mental Health Among Undergraduates, M. Scott Young, Kelli-Lee Harford, Bill Kinder, and Jodi K. Savell This study examined whether gender moderated the relationship between childhood sexual abuse and adult mental health.* Chapter 41: Conceptualizing the "Wantedness" of Women's Consensual and Nonconsensual Sexual Experiences: Implications for How Women Label Their Experiences With Rape, Zöe D. Peterson and Charlene L. Muehlenhard These researchers had three objectives: developing a multidimensional model for conceptualizing the wantedness of a sexual act; using the model to compare women's experiences with rape and consensual sex; and assessing whether wantedness is related to rape acknowledgement.Chapter 42: Tactics of Sexual Coercion: When Men and Women Won't Take No for an Answer, Cindy J. Struckman-Johnson, David L. Struckman-Johnson, and Peter B. Anderson Contrary to popular opinion, while less often than men, women do sometimes use tactics to initiate sexual contact with unwilling sex partners, an interesting fact revealed by subjects in this fascinating piece of qualitative research.* Chapter 43: Heterosexual Fronteras: Immigrant Mexicanos, Sexual Vulnerabilities, and Survival, Gloria González-López The investigator examined how migration may destabilize the boundaries of heterosexuality among male immigrants, leading to same-sex encounters with employers and other immigrant men and, at times, other forms of sexual harassment.Chapter 44: Effects of Cybersex Addiction on the Family: Results of a Survey, Jennifer P. Schneider Using qualitative analysis of poignant survey responses data, this thought-provoking investigation reveals the major impact that cybersex can have on marital and family relationships.PART X: SEXUALITY AND PUBLIC POLICY Chapter 45: Naked Capitalists, Frank Rich An engaging writer reveals the interworkings, major players, and financial assets found in the pornographic film industry in this wide-ranging account of an American growth industry.* Chapter 46: Temporarily Yours: Desire, Demand, and the Commerce of Sex, Elizabeth Bernstein Using in-depth interviews, this compelling exploration of the changing landscape of sex work provides a brief sketch of the academic and political discourse surrounding commercialized sex and offers a glimpse of recent attempts by state agencies to reshape demand in the sexual marketplace.Chapter 47: Community: Risk, Identity, and Love in the Age of AIDS, Judith Levine With compelling wisdom and compassion, Levine writes about the need to focus on a sense of community in developing strategies to combat AIDS, using Minnesota's Twin Cities as a model.* Chapter 48: Sex Education and the News: Lessons from How Journalists Framed Virginity Pledges, Felicia E. Mebane, Eileen A. Yam, and Barbara K. Rimer Content analysis was used to study how major newspapers representative of the Northeast, Midwest, Southeast, and West regions framed stories about True Love Waits, a nationwide virginity pledge campaign, and ADD Health, a longitudinal study that evaluated the effects of virginity pledges.* Chapter 49: Finding a Match: How Contexts Inform Comprehensive and Abstinence-Based Sex Education Programs, Terrance D. Olson The author argues that successful sex education programs must be transparent regarding the philosophies of sexuality and of education that undergird research and practice, and that educational efforts must be tailored specifically to the social-relational contexts that research finds to be related to solutions.