The Social Construction of Difference and Inequality: Race, Class, Gender and Sexuality

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Author: Tracy E. Ore

ISBN-10: 0073380083

ISBN-13: 9780073380087

Category: United States History - 20th Century - 1945 to 2000

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This anthology examines the social construction of race, class, gender, and sexuality and the institutional bases for these relations. While other texts discuss various forms of stratification and the impact of these on members of marginalized groups, Ore provides a thorough discussion of how such systems of stratification are formed and perpetuated and how forms of stratification are interconnected. Critical thinking questions at the end of each reading and part opening essays aid students in understanding how the material relates to their lives and how their own attitudes, actions, and perspectives may serve to perpetuate a stratified system. 13 new readings have been added focusing on the experiences of immigrants, contemporary issues in social institutions, current examples of how the media portrays events and much more.

Preface xiiiPart I Constructing Differences 1Examining what categories are constructed, how this is done, and why such categories of difference are constructed.Race and Ethnicity 191 Racial Formations Michael Omi Howard Winant 192 Optional Ethnicities: For Whites Only? Mary C. Waters 293 Becoming Suspects Tram Nguyen 424 How Did Jews Become White Folks? Karen Brodkin 56Social Class 755 Race, Wealth, and Equality Melvin L. Oliver Thomas M. Shapiro 756 Media Magic: Making Class Invisible Gregory Mantsios 887 Doubly Divided: The Racial Wealth Gap Meizhu Lui 978 Getting Corporations off the Public Dole Janice Shields 104Sex and Gender 1119 The Social Construction of Gender Judith Lorber 11110 The Five Sexes, Revisited Anne Fausto-Sterling 11911 The Transgender Paradigm Shift toward Free Expression Holly Boswell 12712 Masculinity as Homophobia: Fear, Shame, and Silence in the Construction of Gender Identity Michael S. Kimmel 132Sexuality 15013 The Invention of Heterosexuality Jonathan Ned Katz 15014 Sexuality and Gender in Children's Daily Worlds Barrie Thorne Zella Luria 16315 Sexual Identity and Bisexual Identities: The Struggle for Self-Description in a Changing Sexual Landscape Paula C. Rust 18316 Naming All the Parts Kate Bornstein 201Part II Maintaining Inequalities: Systems of Oppression and Privilege 213Examining what elements of social structure work to maintain systems of stratification based on constructions of difference.Social Institutions: Family 23917 Our Mothers' Grief: Racial-Ethnic Women and the Maintenance of Families Bonnie Thornton Dill 23918 Families on the Fault Line: America's Working Class Speaks about the Family, the Economy, Race, and Ethnicity Lillian B. Rubin 26019 Stability and Change in Chicano Men's Family Lives Scott Coltrane 27020 Gay and Lesbian Families Are Here Judith Stacey 292Social Institutions: Education 30521 Savage Inequalities: Children in America's Schools Jonathan Kozol 30522 Preparing for Power: Cultural Capital and Curricula in America's Elite Boarding Schools Peter W. Cookson, Jr. Caroline Hodges Persell 31223 Civilize Them with a Stick Mary Crow Dog Richard Erdoes 32324 Missing in Interaction Myra Sadker David Sadker 33125 Schools and the Social Control of Sexuality Melinda S. Miceli 344Social Institutions: Work and Economy 35426 Jobless Ghettos: The Social Implications of the Disappearance of Work in Segregated Neighborhoods William J. Wilson 35427 "We'd Love to Hire Them, But... ": The Meaning of Race for Employers Joleen Kirschenman Kathryn M. Neckerman 36528 The Glass Escalator: Hidden Advantages for Men in the "Female" Professions Christine L. Williams 37529 Cause of Death: Inequality Alejandro Reuss 387Social Institutions: The State and Public Policy 39230 Welfare Reform, Family Hardship, and Women of Color Linda Burnham 39231 Beyond Crime and Punishment: Prisons and Inequality Bruce Western Becky Pettit 40332 No Equal Justice: Race and Class in the American Criminal Justice System David Cole 41033 The Effects of Affirmative Action on Other Stakeholders Barbara Reskin 41934 The Possessive Investment in Whiteness: Racialized Social Democracy and the "White" Problem in American Studies George Lipsitz 432Social Institutions: Media 44435 Five Decades and Three Hundred Sitcoms about Class and Gender Richard Butsch 44436 Distorted Reality: Hispanic Characters in TV Entertainment S. Robert Lichter Daniel R. Amundson 46337 Gay Characters in Conventional Spaces: Will and Grace and the Situation Comedy Genre Kathleen Battles Wendy Hilton-Morrow 47738 Metaphors Matter: Disaster Myths, Media Frames, and Their Consequences in Hurricane Katrina Kathleen Tierney Christine Bevc Erica Kuligowski 498Language and Culture 52439 Racism in the English Language Robert B. Moore 52440 Self, Identity, and the Naming Question: Reflections on the Language of Disability Irving Kenneth Zola 53541 How to Tame a Wild Tongue Gloria Anzaldúa 54842 The Dark Side of Sports Symbols Stanley D. Eitzen Maxine Baca Zinn 558Violence and Social Control 56643 Where Race and Gender Meet: Racism, Hate Crimes, and Pornography Helen Zia 56644 Fraternities and Collegiate Rape Culture: Why Are Some Fraternities More Dangerous Places for Women? A. Ayres Boswell Joan Z. Spade 57045 The Construction of Masculinity and the Triad of Men's Violence Michael Kaufman 58446 Homophobia as a Weapon of Sexism Suzanne Pharr 601Part III Experiencing Difference and Inequality in Everyday Life 612Examining the impact of constructions of difference and maintaining inequalities on members of society.47 Making Systems of Privilege Visible Stephanie M. Wildman Adrienne D. Davis 61548 "Yes, I Follow Islam, But I'm Not a Terrorist" Nada El Sawy 62249 A Dozen Demons Ellis Cose 62450 Always Running Luis Rodriguez 63451 The Story of My Body Judith Ortiz Cofer 64052 Separated by Deportation Tram Nguyen 64953 "Gee, You Don't Seem Like an Indian from the Reservation" Barbara Cameron 66554 Living Fearlessly with and within Differences: My Search for Identity beyond Categories and Contradictions Shefali Milczarek-Desai 67155 Nickel-and-Dimed On (Not) Getting by in America Barbara Ehrenreich 68156 I Am Your Welfare Reform Annie Downey 69557 Learning to Fight Geoffrey Canada 69758 Bisexuality, Feminism, Men and Me Robyn Ochs 703Part IV Resistance and Social Change 708Examining how people working within individual and institutional contexts transform difference from a system of inequality to a system of liberation.59 Toward a New Vision: Race, Class, and Gender as Categories of Analysis and Connection Patricia Hill Collins 72060 Cultural Resistance: Reconstructing Our Own Images Yen Le Espiritu 73561 Good for the 'Hood? Anmol Chaddha 74562 Seeing More Than Black and White: Latinos, Racism, and the Cultural Divides Elizabeth Martinez 75263 How White People Can Serve as Allies to People of Color in the Struggle to End Racism Paul Kivel 75964 Dismantling Noah's Ark: Gender and Equality Judith Lorber 76865 Voices of a New Movimiento Roberto Lovato 782