Traffic & Highway Engineering
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The new edition of Garber and Hoel's best-selling text focuses on giving students insight into all facets of traffic and highway engineering. Students generally come to this course with little knowledge or understanding of the importance of transportation, much less of the extensive career opportunities within the field. Transportation is an extremely broad field, and courses must either cover all transportation modes or focus on specifics. While many topics can be covered with a survey approach, this often lacks sufficient depth and students leave the course without a full understanding of any of the fields. This text focuses exclusively on traffic and highway engineering beginning with a discussion of the pivotal role transportation plays in our society, including employment opportunities, historical impact, and the impact of transportation on our daily lives. This approach gives students a sense of what the field is about as well as an opportunity to consider some of its challenges. Later chapters focus on specific issues facing transportation engineers. The text uses pedagogical tools such as worked problems, diagrams and tables, reference material, and realistic examples to demonstrate how the material is applied.
Introduction 1The Profession of Transportation 3Importance of Transportation 3Transportation History 6Transportation Employment 16Summary 23Problems 24References 25Transportation Systems and Organizations 27Developing a Transportation System 27Modes of Transportation 34Transportation Organizations 47Summary 51Problems 52References 54Traffic Operations 55Characteristics of the Driver, the Pedestrian, the Vehicle, and the Road 57Driver Characteristics 58Perception-Reaction Process 60Older Drivers' Characteristics 61Pedestrian Characteristics 62Bicyclists and Bicycles Characteristics 62Vehicle Characteristics 63Road Characteristics 88Summary 93Problems 95References 98Traffic Engineering Studies 99Spot Speed Studies 100Volume Studies 115Travel Time and Delay Studies 133Parking Studies 139Summary 146Problems 147References 150Highway Safety 151Issues Involved in Transportation Safety 152Strategic Highway Safety Plans 154Effectiveness of Safety Design Features 190Summary 208Problems 208References 212Fundamental Principles of Traffic Flow 213Traffic Flow Elements 213Flow-Density Relationships 218Shock Waves in Traffic Streams 230Gap and Gap Acceptance 243Introduction to Queuing Theory 249Summary 258Problems 258Intersection Design 265Types of At-Grade Intersections 266Design Principles for At-Grade Intersections 276Design of Railroad Grade Crossings 314Summary 320Problems 322References 325Intersection Control 327General Concepts of Traffic Control 327Conflict Points at Intersections 331Types of Intersection Control 332Signal Timing for Different Color Indications 342Freeway Ramps 373Summary 378Problems 378References 380Capacity and Level of Service for Highway Segments 381Two-Lane Highways 382Freeways 406Multilane Highways 424Summary 430Problems 431References 434Tables 434Capacity and Level of Service at Signalized Intersections 457Definitions of Some Common Terms 457Level of Service at Signalized Intersections 460Summary 528Problems 528References 533Tables 534Transportation Planning 549The Transportation Planning Process 551Basic Elements of Transportation Planning 552Transportation Planning Institutions 562Urban Transportation Planning 566Forecasting Travel 574Summary 586Problems 587References 588Forecasting Travel Demand 591Demand Forecasting Approaches 591Trip Generation 593Trip Distribution 603Mode Choice 613Traffic Assignment 625Other Methods for Forecasting Demand 633Estimating Freight Demand 637Traffic Impact Studies 638Summary 644Problems 645References 652Evaluating Transportation Alternatives 653Basic Issues in Evaluation 653Evaluation Based on Economic Criteria 657Evaluation Based on Multiple Criteria 669Summary 684Problems 684References 689Location, Geometrics, and Drainage 691Highway Surveys and Location 693Principles of Highway Location 693Highway Survey Methods 701Highway Earthwork and Final Plans 723Summary 731Problems 733References 734Geometric Design of Highway Facilities 737Factors Influencing Highway Design 738Design of the Alignment 754Special Facilities for Heavy Vehicles on Steep Grades 790Bicycle Facilities 791Parking Facilities 796Computer Use in Geometric Design 801Summary 802Problems 802References 805Highway Drainage 807Surface Drainage 807Highway Drainage Structures 809Sediment and Erosion Control 811Hydrologic Considerations 813Unit Hydrographs 826Hydraulic Design of Highway Drainage Structures 827Subsurface Drainage 870Economic Analysis 889Summary 889Problems 889References 891Additional Readings 892Materials and Pavements 893Soil Engineering for Highway Design 895Soil Characteristics 895Basic Engineering Properties of Soils 899Classification of Soils for Highway Use 907Soil Surveys for Highway Construction 917Soil Compaction 922Special Soil Tests for Pavement Design 932Frost Action in Soils 936Summary 937Problems 937References 914Bituminous Materials 943Sources of Asphalt 943Description and Uses of Bituminous Binders 946Properties of Asphalt Materials 949Tests for Asphalt Materials 953Asphalt Mixtures 969Superpave Systems 992Summary 1019Problems 1019References 1022Design of Flexible Pavements 1025Structural Components of a Flexible Pavement 1025Soil Stabilization 1027General Principles of Flexible Pavement Design 1032Summary 1070Problems 1070References 1073Design of Rigid Pavements 1075Materials Used in Rigid Pavements 1076Joints in Concrete Pavements 1081Types of Rigid Highway Pavements 1083Pumping of Rigid Pavements 1084Stresses in Rigid Pavements 1085Thickness Design of Rigid Pavements 1093Summary 1129Problems 1129References 1131Pavement Management 1133Problems of Highway Rehabilitation 1133Methods for Determining Roadway Condition 1136Pavement Condition Prediction 1151Pavement Rehabilitation 1160Pavement Rehabilitation Programming 1162GIS and Pavement Management 1172Summary 1174Problems 1174References 1176Appendixes 1177Index 1207
