Why Race and Culture Matter in Schools
While race and culture remain important variables in how young people experience schools, they are often misunderstood by educators and school personnel. Building on three studies that investigated schools successful in closing the achievement gap, Tyrone Howard shows how adopting greater awareness and comprehensive understanding of race and culture can improve educational outcomes.\ Important reading for anyone who is genuinely committed to promoting educational equity and excellence for all...
Search in google:
While race and culture remain important variables in how young people experience schools, they are often misunderstood by educators and school personnel. Building on the work of three studies that investigated schools successful in closing the achievement gap, Tyrone Howard shows how adopting greater awareness and comprehensive understanding of race and culture can improve educational outcomes. Important reading for anyone who is genuinely committed to promoting educational equity and excellence for all children, this accessible book outlines the changing racial, ethnic, and cultural demographics in U.S. schools and calls for educators to pay serious attention to how race and culture play out in school settings.
Series Foreword James A. Banks ixForeword Geneva Gay xviiAcknowledgments xxiiiIntroduction 1Socioeconomic Status and School Performance 2Outline of the Book 4Moving Away from the Black-White Dichotomy 61 Achievement Gap: Contextualizing the Problem 9Documenting the Achievement Gap 12Documenting the Discrepancies 13Retention, Suspensions, and Expulsions 20School Drop-Out and Graduation Rates 22Access to Gifted and AP Courses 25SAT Scores 25Explaining the Gaps 26Future Considerations 322 Changing Demographics 35A Changing Nation 36Demographic Shifts by Geographic Region and Age 38U.S. Schools and Changing Demographics 39Are Teachers Being Prepared to Teach in Diverse Settings? 41Multicultural Education for School Reform 43The Role of Social Class 463 Culture 51Culture, Race, and Ethnicity 52The Complexity of Culture 54Sociocultural Theory 56Cultural Modeling 58Cultural Repertoires of Practice 60Normalizing Culture in Everyday Practice 644 Culturally Responsive Pedagogy 67Seeking Clarity in Culture and Pedagogy 69Empirical and Conceptual Work on Culturally Responsive Pedagogy 71The Importance of Pedagogy 75Programs with Culturally Responsive Teaching 775 The Role of Race in Learning 91Interrogating Race 92Race and Education in the United States 95Critical Race Theory: A Framework for Examining Race and Achievement 98Empirical Works Examining Race 100Granting Voice to Those Who Rarely Are Heard 103Internalized Racism: Educators of Color and Acts of Exclusion 106Racial Frames of Reference 1076 Developing Cultural Competence and Racial Awareness in Classroom Teachers 111Cultural Competence 112Critical Self-Reflection on Race and Culture 114Race, Culture, and the Adaptive Unconsciousness 116Racial Awareness 121A Case Study of Critical Reflecting: Teaching Teachers to Reflect on Race 122Final Considerations 1287 Examples of School Success for Culturally Diverse Students 129Stories of School Success 131Visionary Leadership 134Effective Instructional Practices 137Intensive Academic Intervention 140Explicit Acknowledgment of Race 143Parental and Community Engagement 145Final Thoughts 148References 151Index 174About the Author 182
