Winning Chess Strategies

IndexA Accumulation Theory, 200 activating     bad Bishops, 51     pieces with sacrifice, 105, 107 active, 237     Bishops, 51     vs. inactive pieces, 30 advancing pawns, 105     drawbacks, 112 advantages     appropriate vs. inappropriate, 186     definition, 5, 237     favoring Bishops, 83     material (force), 2, 5, 7         in endgames, 169         endgames with, 20         on kingside, as signal for King attack, 173         rules for, 12         strategies, 8         throwing away, 14         trading with, 15, 20, 26     pawn structure, 5     piece mobility, 5     reality of, 6     safe King, 5     space (territory), 5, 149         in center, 87         on kingside, as signal for King attack, 172     static vs. dynamic, 5     time vs. material, 17 Alekhine, Alexander, 60, 115, 210-211, 225 Alekhine Defense, 214 Alekhine's Gun, 61 algebraic chess notation, 237, 241 analysis, 237 annotation, 237 attacking     pawn chains, 81, 120     weak pawns, 128 attacks, 238     discovered, 240     double, 240     King, 167         and castling, 168         conditions for, 167         and lead in development, 168-169         of necessity, 177         with Queen, 76     minority, 130, 132, 178     one-piece, 77     premature, 187 B Back Rank Mate, 59, 119, 243 backward pawns, 33 bad Bishops, 50     activating, 51     example, 62     trading, 53, 55 ballast, 10, 170 Bishops, 48     active, 51     advantages that favor, 83     bad, 50         activating, 51         examples, 62         trading, 53, 55     and closed diagonals, 42, 50     and control of squares, 48     in endgames with passed pawns, 83     fianchettoed, 241         example, 136     getting outside pawn chain, 52, 55     good, 49         example, 62     inactive, 42     vs. Knights, 38, 41, 53, 79         strategies, 79     moving pawns out of way of, 52     and open diagonals, 46, 49     and open positions, 79     opposite-colored, 245     pair of, 238     and wrong-colored Rook-pawn draw, 48 blockaders, 42 blockades, x, 238 blocking     passed pawns with Knights, 109     with pawns, 100 blunders, 238 board     closing section of, 32     opening up, 7 book, 238 Botvinnik Formation, 87 Botvinnik, Mikhail, 58, 219, 225 breakthrough, 238 Browne, Walter, 136 C calculation, 4, 238 Capablanca, José. Raúl, 117, 205, 210 capturing     en passant, rule, 241     squares, 136 Caro-Kann Defense, 240 castling     and King attacks, 168     kingside, 238     for King's safety, example, 23     purpose of, 238     queenside, 238     rule, 238 center, 239     closed, attacking with pawns, 140     dominating with pawns, 157     open, and Kings, 67     pawns, weak, 162 cheap shots, 20 check     discovered, 240     double, 240     perpetual, 245, 249         example of avoiding, 21 checkmate, 239     smothered, 248 chess     advantages. See advantages     as art, ix, 29     notation, 237     as sport, ix, 29     as team effort, 138     as tool, 1     as warfare, 13 Classical, 239 closed     centers, attacking with pawns, 140     diagonals, and Bishops, 50     games, 239     lines, for defense, 139     positions, and Knights, 42, 79, 87 closing     lines to pieces, 17     section of board, 32 color, control, 90 combination, 239 complacency, effect of, 189 connected passed pawns, 239 control     of 7th rank, 58     color, 90     of space, 44, 149     of squares, 39, 44, 136, 141         by Bishops, 48         with pawns, 100         by Queens, 72 counterplay, x, 25, 239     in response to King attack, 167     trading to restrict, 128 cramping positions, 239 critical position, 240 critical thinking, 3     examples, 21, 26 D decisions, based on emotions, 193 defending, in the opening     Caro-Kann Defense, 240     French Defense, 240, 250     Two Knights' Defense, 250 defenses, definition, 240, 243 deficit, material     in endgame, 7     and lead in development, 16     in middlegame, 7 development, 8     definition, 8, 240     getting hung up on, 188     importance of, 8, 15     lead in         and King attacks, 169         and material deficit, 16         as signal for King attack, 168, 174     and Rooks, 57     sacrificing for, 21 diagonals     closed, and Bishops, 42, 50     open, and Bishops, 46, 49 discovered     attack, 240     check, 240 double     attack, 240         examples, 11, 28, 50     check, 240 doubled     pawns, example, 130 doubling, 59     example, 66 draws     definition, 240     by perpetual check, ex- ample of avoiding, 21     stalemate, 248     three-time repetition of position, 249     wrong-colored Rook-pawn, 48 Dutch Defense, 43 E Elo, Arpad, 241 Elo rating, 241 emotions     as basis for decisions, 193     precautions against, 197 endgames     definition, 241     and Kings, 68     Kings in, 84     material advantage in, 8, 20, 169     material deficit in, 7     with passed pawns, Bishops in, 83     and pawn majorities, 117 en passant, rule, 241 equality, 241 Euwe, Max, 4, 211 Evans, Larry, 4 Exchange, The, 31, 106, 241 exchanging, 241. See also trading F fear, effect of, 194 Fédération International des checs (FIDE), 1, 222, 241 fianchettoed Bishops, 241     example, 136 files, 241     half-open, 242     open, 244         importance of, 62         and Rooks, 44, 58 Fischer, Bobby, 28, 33, 54, 62, 75, 122, 137, 221, 226 five R's, 2 flanks, 241 flexibility, importance of, 167 force, x, 8     advantage in, 5     See also material forced, 242 forfeiting, 247 forks, example, 11, 21, 57, 106 French Defense, 240, 250 G gambits, 242 games     closed, 239     open, 244 good Bishops, 49     example, 62 Grandmaster (GM), 242 Grünfeld Defense, 162 H half-open files, 242 hanging, 242 holes, 136, 242 Hooper, David, 4 hypermodern, 243 Hypermodernism, 214 I inattention, the effect of, 26-27 initiative, 239, 243 international chess federation. See Fédération International des checs International Master (IM), 242 interposition, 243 intuition, 243 isolated pawns. See pawn islands; pawns, isolated K Karpov, Anatoly, 9, 86, 136, 190, 221 Kasparov, Garry, 222, 225 King, 64     attacks, 167         and castling, 168         conditions for, 167         and lead in development, 168-169         of necessity, 177     avoiding open centers, 67     in endgames, 68, 84     making use of, 65     pawn protection around, 17     safe, 5, 10, 65, 76         castling for, 23         example, 32     threats to, 26 kingside, 243 Knights, 37     on 1st rank, 133     on 1st and 2nd ranks, 38     on 3rd rank, 40     on 4th rank, 40     on 5th rank, 41     on 6th rank, 41     vs. Bishops, 38, 41, 53, 79     as blockaders, 109     and closed positions, 42, 79, 87     and pawns         locked, 42         passed, 42     strategies, 86     and support points, 38, 82, 86, 136 L Larsen, Jorgen, 70 Lasker, Emanuel, 99, 201, 205, 210, 225 laziness, effect of, 192, 208 lead in development     and material deficit, 16     as signal for King attack, 174 lines, opening and closing, 17 locked pawns, and Knights, 42 luft, x, 243 M major pieces, 243 majorities     pawn, 111, 114         in endgames, 117         relative importance of, 115         trading to enhance, 117 Marshall, Frank, 117, 210 Master, 243 mate, 243 material, x, 8, 244     advantage, 2, 5, 7, 237         in endgame, 8, 20, 169         on kingside, as signal for King attack, 173         rules for, 12         and sacrifices, 10         strategies, 8         throwing away, 14         vs. time advantage, 17         trading with, 15, 20, 26     deficit, and lead in development, 16     definition, 244     making good use of, 8     point count system, definition, 246 middlegame, 244     material deficit in, 7 minor pieces, 244 minority attacks, 132, 178     strategy, 130 mistakes, 185 mobility, 244     of pieces, 5 moves     quiet, 247     speculative, 248 N Nimzovich, Aaron, 58, 214, 238 notation, 237 O occupying squares, 244 odds     Queen, 14     Queen-Knight, 16 open     centers, and Kings, 67     diagonals, and Bishops, 46, 49     files, 244         importance of, 62         and Rooks, 44, 58     games, 243     lines, for attack, 139     positions, 244         and Bishops, 79 opening     board, 7     creating open files for Rooks in, 61     definition, 244     gambits, 242     lines for pieces, 17     moves, 244 openings     Alekhine Defense, 214     Botvinnik Formation, 87     Caro-Kann Defense, 240     Dutch Defense, 43     French Defense, 240, 250     Grünfeld Defense, 162     Petroff Defense, 62     Queen's Gambit Declined, 62, 178         Tartakower Variation, 223     Ruy López, 145     Scotch Opening, 73     Semi-Slav Defense, 219     Sicilian Defense, 62         Nimzovich Variation, 214     Tarrasch Opening, 206     Two Knights' Defense, 250 opposite-colored Bishops, 245 overconfidence, effect of, 27, 189, 195 overextending, 245 Over-protection, 214 owning, squares, 137 P passed pawns, See pawns, passed pawn     center, defending against, 162     chains         attacking, 81, 120         example, 51         getting Bishops outside, 52, 55     islands, 120         avoiding, 121         creating for opponent, 122-123         weakness of, 120     majorities, 111, 114         in endgames, 117         relative importance of, 115         trading to enhance, 117     protection around King, 17     sacrifices, 105, 179         vacating squares with, 108     storm, 178, 187     strategies, 99     structure, x, 5, 99         as protection, 22 pawns     advancing, 105         drawbacks, 112     backward, 33     blocking with, 100     capturing en passant, 241     and closed centers, 140     connected passed, 239     dominating center with, 157     doubled         definition, 240         example, 130     hanging, 242     isolated, 120 (see also pawn islands)     locked, and Knights, 42     moving out of way of Bishops, 52     passed, 26, 114         blocking with Knights, 109         definition, 245         and Knights, 42     placement of, 99     promoting, 26, 109, 246     protected passed, 246     restraining opponent with, 103     restricting opponent with, 101     and space (territory), 149     stopping, 238     underpromoting, 250     weak, 127         examples, 35 perpetual checks. See check, perpetual Petroff Defense, 62 Petrosian, Tigran, 31, 43, 81, 218 Philidor, Andr. , 99 philosophies     Classical, 239     Hypermodernism, 243 piece, mobility, 5 pieces     and control of squares, 44     major, 243     minor, 79, 244     opening lines for, 17     using all, 13, 63     value of, viii-ix, 79     where they go, 37 pigs on 7th, 63, 246 pins, example, 11, 6061, 246 placement of pawns, 99 plans, 246 players, psychological state of, 7, 26-27, 177, 194 playing     for cheap shot, 20     styles, 248         positional, 246         romantic, 247 point count system, 246 points, 246     support for Knights, 38, 82, 86, 136 Portisch, Lajos, 34 positional chess, x, 4 positions     assessing, 160     closed, 239     cramping, 239     open, 244     simplifying, 247 postmortem. See analysis Potter, William, 14 premature attacks, 187 prepared variations, 246 preventing, opponent's moves, 140 principles of chess, x, 8, 242 promoting pawns, 26, 109, 246 prophylaxis, 214, 218, 223 protected passed pawns, 246 protecting     King, 17     Queen, 72 psychology, state of players, 7, 26-27, 177, 194 Q Queen, 72     and control of squares, 72     in King attacks, 76     protecting, 72     risking, 75     trading, example, 156 Queen odds, 14 queening. See pawns, promoting Queen-Knight odds, 16 Queen's Gambit Declined, 62, 178     Tartakower Variation , 223 queenside, 246 R R's, five, 2 rabioso, 72 ranks, 247     1st and 2nd, Knights on, 38, 133     3rd, Knights on, 40     4th, Knights on, 40     5th, Knights on, 41     6th, Knights on, 41     7th, Rooks on, 25, 58, 116 rating, 247     system, 241 resigning, how to, 247 restraining, opponent with pawns, 103 restricting     counterplay by trading, 128     opponent with pawns, 101 romantic, 247 Rook-pawns, wrong-colored draw, 48 Rooks, 57     on 7th rank, 25, 116         doubled, 63     connecting, 74     and development, 57     and open files, 44, 58 Rubinstein, Akiba, 69, 205 Rubinstein Year, 205 rules     of chess, ix     for material advantage, 12 Ruy L¢pez Opening, 145 S sacrifices     definition, 247     for development, 21     with material advantage, 10     to open lines, 17     pawn, 105, 179         vacating square with, 108 safety, of King, 5, 10, 65, 76     castling for, 23     example, 32 science of chess, ix Scotch Opening, 73 Seirawan method, 8 Semi-Slav Defense, 219 Short, Nigel, 94 Sicilian Defense, 62     Nimzovich Variation, 214 simplifying. See trading smothered mate, 248 space, x, 149     advantage, 5, 149, 237         avoiding trading with, 150, 151         in center, 87         on kingside, as signal for King attack, 172     control of, 44, 149     count system, 248     dangers of giving up, 154     definition, 248     on wings, 150 Spassky, Boris, 31, 70, 219, 223 sport of chess. See chess squares     capturing, 136     controlling, 39, 44, 136, 141         with Bishops, 48         with Queen, 72         with pawns, 100     creating, 136     lines of, 144     occupying, 244     owning, 137     weak, 135         caused by pawn advance, 113 stalemate, 248 Steinitz, Wilhelm, 145, 199, 214 storm, pawn, 187 strategies     Bishops against Knights, 79     built around targets, 12     closing lines for defense, 139     defense against pawn center, 162     faulty, 185     King attacks, 167     Knights against Bishops, 86     material advantage, 8     minority attack, 130     opening lines for attack, 139     pawn         domination in center, 157         island, 120         promotion, 109, 114         sacrifices, 105         weak, 127     psychological, 180     space, 150     squares, weak, 135, 141     targets, 127     trading with material advantage, 20     using pawns to block and restrict, 100     weak         pawn, 127         squares, 135, 141 strategy, 3, 248     vs. calculation, 4     definition, 4     importance of, 1     masters of, 199     vs. tactics, x, 4 structure, pawn, 5, 99 style. See playing styles support points for Knights, 38, 82, 86, 136 T tactics, ix, 26     definition, 248     overlooking possibilities for, 192 Tal, Mikhail, 225 targets, 45     creating, 104, 127     ideal, 13     pawn center, 162     role in strategy, 12 Tarrasch Opening, 206 team effort, 138     example, 171 tempi, 249 tempo, 249 territory, 149. See also space terror, effect of, 194 theory, 249 three-time repetition of position, 249 throwing away, material advantage, 14 tied games. See draws time, x, 8     advantage vs. material advantage, 17     controls, 249     definition, 249     limits, 249     loss of, 249     pressure, 249 trading, 241     avoiding, 59, 110, 178         to maintain space ad-vantage, 150         with space advantage, 151     bad Bishops, 53, 55     to enhance pawn majority, 117     inactive pieces for active ones, 30     with material advantage, 8, 15, 20, 26     Queen, example, 156     to restrict counterplay, 128     to weaken opponent, 29 transposing, 250 traps, 250 tripling, example, 61 Two Knghts' Defense, 250 V vacating squares with sacrifice, 108 value of pieces, ix, 8, 79 variations     calculating, 238     definition, 250     prepared, 246 W weak     pawns, 127         examples, 35     points, 127     squares, 135         caused by pawn advance, 113         creating, 136         lines of, 144 weaknesses, 250     exploiting, 127 Whyld, Kenneth, 4 World Champions, rating, 240 Z zugzwang, 61, 250 zwischenzug, 250     eXample, 216