Without Reservation: How a Controversial Indian Tribe Rose to Power and Built the World's Largest Casino
With compelling detail, Without Reservation tells the stunning story of the rise of the richest Indian tribe in history.\ In 1973, an old American Indian woman dies with nothing left of her tribe but a 214-acre tract of abandoned forest. It seems to be the end of the Mashantucket Pequot tribe. But it is just the beginning. Over the next three decades, the reservation grows to nearly 2,000 acres, home to more than 600 people claiming to be tribal members. It has also become home to...
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With compelling detail, Without Reservation tells the stunning story of the rise of the richest Indian tribe in history.In 1973, an old American Indian woman dies with nothing left of her tribe but a 214-acre tract of abandoned forest. It seems to be the end of the Mashantucket Pequot tribe. But it is just the beginning. Over the next three decades, the reservation grows to nearly 2,000 acres, home to more than 600 people claiming to be tribal members. It has also become home to Foxwoods, the largest casino in the world, grossing more than $1 billion a year.Without Reservation reveals the mysterious roots of today's Pequot tribe, the racial tension that divides its members, and the Machiavellian internal power struggle over who will control the tribe's funds. Author Jeff Benedict brings to us the deal makers, the courtroom machinations, the trusts and betrayals.Now, with remarkable new information, the paperback brings us up-to-date on these revelations, which lead to state and federal investigations and calls for congressional hearings.
Chapter One\ Oaths and Vows\ Town Hall\ June 13, 1969\ Groton, Connecticut\ "The first thing you need to do is fill out this worksheet," Said town clerk Sally Sawyer, handing a blank form across the counter "After completing it, you give it back to me and I'll type up your marriage license."\ Twenty-one-year-old Richard "Skip" Hayward coolly wrote his biographical information under the column labeled "Groom." Looking over his arm, seventeen-year-old fiancee Aline Champoux twirled one of her pigtails. Her long strands of brunette hair dangled over the front of her shoulders and sprawled over her chest. Her thin, nicely shaped legs beneath her miniskirt showed off her early summer tan, her sleeveless halter top drawing attention to her youthful, 108-pound figure.\ "You are Aline's mother?" Sawyer asked, turning to fifty-year-old Betty Charnpoux, who stood behind Aline wearing a conservative redand-white-checked summer blouse.\ "Yes," said Mrs. Champoux, her mind preoccupied. Days earlier her husband, Leo, a lifelong smoker, had been admitted to a Veterans Hospital in Rhode Island where he was diagnosed with lung cancer. His life expectancy was less than one year.\ "When they're finished filling out their portion of the form," Sawyer continued, struggling to make eye contact with Betty, "you'll need to sign the back, granting your permission for your daughter to marry as a minor."\ Betty affirmatively nodded her head in silence. Both she and Leo had complained to Aline that she was too young and Hayward too financially undisciplined for marriage. But the onset of terminal cancer had sapped any strength theypossessed to fight Aline over her choice for a husband. Nor would it have done any good. She had fallen hard for Hayward the moment she met him, while on a blind date during her sophomore year.\ It was early in 1967 when Champoux, then fifteen, told her parents that she and her best friend, Debbie Sherwood, were going to the Friday night basketball game at their high school in Coventry Rhode Island. Instead, they sneaked off to Ledyard, Connecticut, nearly a forty-fiveminute drive away, to meet Sher-wood's boyfriend, Fran Pyle. When they arrived at Fran's house, he introduced Sherwood and Champoux to his best friend, Skip Hayward, a strapping, six-foot two-inch nineteen-yearold with broad shoulders. Aline immediately noticed his brown eyes and wavy black hair that hung over the collar of his button-down red shirt with yellow polka dots. His blue jeans were held up by a black leather belt, the buckle situated off to the side of his thin waist. Aline thought he looked like Jim Morrison,\ When Pyle and Hayward invited the girls dancing, they eagerly accepted. By the end of the night, Champoux had agreed to be Hayward's girlfriend. For a young Champoux, he had the qualities she responded to. He was a great dancer. He loved rock and roll, although his favorite singer was Johnny Cash. He owned a Honda motorcycle and his own horse.\ "Here, Aline," Hayward said, handing her the worksheet. "You need to complete your half"\ Smirking, Champoux filled in the column under the word "Bride" and handed it back to Sawyer, who reviewed it for completeness.\ Groom's Name: Richard Arthur Hayward. Date of Birth: 11-28-47.\ \ \ Age: 21.\ \ Race: White. Occupation: Pipefitter.\ \ Birthplace: New London, Conn.\ \ Residence: North Stonington, Conn.\ \ \ \ \ "Everything looks good there," Sawyer said, reading on.\ Bride's Name: Aline Aurore Champoux.\ \ \ Date of Birth: 11-22-51.\ \ Age: 17. Race: White.\ \ \ \ \ "Oh, Ms. Champoux, you forgot to fill in line 14," Sawyer said, pointing to the heading "occupation."\ "I don't work yet," she said sheepishly. "I just graduated from high school yesterday."\ "Oh, well, I'll just put 'student' there," Sawyer said. "Now if you'll wait just a minute, I'll be back with your license."\ Hayward reached for Champoux's right hand, smiling confidently as he clenched it tightly while waiting for Sawyer to return. Resting her head against his arm, Aline stared down at the engagement ring on her other hand. Hayward had never formally asked her to marry him. Instead, one day he took her on the back of his motorcycle to Zales, a department store that sold jewelry and paid $100 for a tiny diamond. It was all that he could afford on his meager salary as an apprentice at the Electric Boat division of General Dynamics. He had not attended college and had no career plans. To cut down on wedding costs, Aline sewed her own dress by hand. No wedding announcements were ordered. Instead of a reception, they planned a breakfast with their immediate family.\ "Look over the license and make sure that everything is correct as typed," Sawyer said, handing it to Hayward.\ Saying nothing, he scanned it, then gave it back.\ "Everything is correct?" Sawyer asked.\ Hayward nodded.\ "OK. Each of you raise your right hand," Sawyer instructed.\ Tentative, Aline looked up at Skip, whose eyes were focused on Sawyer's. Wide-eyed, Aline faintly raised her hand, her fingertips barely reaching Skip's shoulder.\ "Do you both solemnly swear that the information contained in this license is true and correct to the best of your knowledge, so help you God?"\ "Yes," Skip said, his raspy voice drowning out Aline's soft whisper.\ "Now, you both need to sign the license right here," said Sawyer, pointing to blank lines beneath their typed names.\ Betty looked on in stone silence as Aline signed her name below Skip's. She was too numb to cry. She was losing her husband to a disease with no cure and her teenage daughter to a man with seemingly no future.\ Sawyer signed the license and stamped it with the town seal. Folding it, she placed it into a white self-addressed envelope and handed it to Skip. "You give this to the person who is going to be performing the ceremony And it is that person's responsibility to return the license to us after the wedding."
1Oaths and Vows12Quicksilver143Wall Street Can Wait204The Iron Lady305Safe Secrets416Fierce Advocates537Joining the Club608Adverse Possession699The Firm7910Fractured Diamond8811State Aid9212The Promise9613The Second Mrs. Hayward10614Beneath the Radar Screen10915The Mapmakers11716A Small Price to Pay12317Ronald Reagan Blinks13718Commencement15019Wills, Estates, and Trusts15720Out to Lunch16621Incorporated17622Las Vegas Nights18523Jersey Born18924A Prosecutor and a Prophet20025Secured Transaction21126I Wouldn't Take My Dog to Atlantic City22127Wheel of Fortune22628New Identity23029Ace in the Hole23630The Skip and Mickey Show24331Mr. Lozier Goes to Washington24932Cowboys and Indians26333The Pledge of Allegiance26834The Master Plan27435Damn Yankees28336Race Matters29237Discovery29838Big Boys Don't Cry30639Someone Broke into Your Offices31440The Showstopper32441Swimming with Sharks32842You Can't Take It with You34043I'm Chairman Now34344Dodging the Bullet350Maps363Acknowledgments365Bibliography367Source Notes382Index387
\ From Barnes & NobleFor thousands of years the Mashantucket Pequot lived in southeastern Connecticut between the Thames and the Pawcatuck rivers. Then in 1636, their fortunes began to plummet. The anti-Pequot war that began that year was only one of the causes of the nation's eventual near-extinction: Poverty, disaster, and real estate plunder forced the tribe to recede into a remote 214-acre vestige of a reservation. In the 1970s, just as the Mashantucket Pequot seemed to be dissolving into irrecoverable history, their fortunes changed as quickly as the spin of a roulette wheel. Without Reservation chronicles how a dwindling group of Indians became the proprietors of Foxwoods, the world's largest gambling arena.\ \
