Women and Justice
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Women and Justice takes a sociolegal look at the historical and contemporary state of justice in women's lives. Sheryl Grana thoroughly examines civil justice issues such as marriage, divorce, same-sex coupling, motherhood, education and paid work, as well as criminal justice issues such as women's criminality. Grounded in the framework of the working term, _quadraplexation,_ this text seeks understanding and promotes the continued march toward a more just world for women.
Preface to the Second Edition xi1 Why Women and Justice? 1Oppression 3Difference, Diversity, and Privilege 4The Equality Debate 7Justice 12The Cost of Being Female 12"What, Then, Is to Be Done?" 132 Ideas about Women 15People, Conditions, and Ideas 16The Influence of Patriarchy 17"Nature" and Biology 20Gender Schemas 21Quadraplexation 23Preindustrial Ideas about Women 24Industrial Era Ideas about Women 25Walking the Line 283 In the Beginning 31The Development of Common Law 31The Role of People, Conditions, and Ideas 32Civil and Criminal Law 35Is Common Law Male? 36Challenges to the Common Law System 40Feminist Jurisprudence 414 The U.S. Constitution and the Notion of Equality 45Equality of Power 45The Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution 46Constitutional Interpretation 48Is the Constitution Male? 48Equality and the Constitution 50Constitutional Protection and Precedent 51Equal Protection Analysis 51Strict Scrutiny 53Equal Rights Amendments 57Feminist Alternatives 595 Crime and Criminality 61What Is a Crime? 61Women and Crime 63Theories about Criminal Women 67Mainstream/Malestream Criminology Theories 68Early Theories on Women and Criminality 72Newer Ideas about Women and Crime 75Feminist Theories of Women's Criminality 766 Education 79Educating Women 80Title IX 82Issues Concerning Title IX 83Equity under Title IX 88Quadraplexation and Education 89Women Criminals, Education, and Work Training 907 Paid and Unpaid Work 93A Short History of Paid and Unpaid Labor 93Paid Production Issues 96Unpaid Production Issues111Quadra Plexation and Work 1138 Women Professionals in the Justice System 115In the Courts-Lawyers 116In the Prisons-Correctional Officers 121In Law Enforcement-Police Officers 123Quadraplexation, Walking the Line, and the Professions 1259 Unmarried, Married, and Coupled Women's Lives 129Family 129Marriage 131Marital Dissolution, Marital Property, and Marital Support 134Children and Parenting 141Lesbian (and Gay Male) Couples and Marriage 148Women Criminals and Their Families 15110 Economics and Disadvantage: Women's Poverty 155Defining Poverty 156Who Are the Poor? 157The Feminization of Poverty 158The Role of Government in Women's Poverty 160Poverty and Violence against Women 163Criminal Women and Poverty 16511 Women, Their Bodies, and Violence 169Pregnancy and Reproductive Choice 169Violence against Women 173Domestic Battery and Violent Households 176Rape and Sexual Assault 181Media Representations 187Pornography 189Prostitution and Violence 192Violence in the Lives of Criminal Women 197Quadraplexation, Women's Bodies, and Violence 19712 The Housing of Women Criminals 199A History 199Contemporary Life in Women's Prisons 203Gender Responsive Programming 21013 In Closing 213Bibliography 217Index 229
