This is a study of the ideological and political relationship between Zionism and anti-Semitism in modern Germany.
List of Illustrations ixAcknowledgments xiAbbreviations xiiiIntroduction 1The Age of Emancipation in Imperial Germany 13Zionism in Anti-Semitic Thought 13Anti-Semitism in Zionist Thought 31The Weimar Years 45German Zionism and the First World War 45German Zionism and the Nazi Threat 48Early Nazi Views on Zionism 631933: Nazi Confusion, Zionist Illusion 74In Search of Policy 74Haavara 78Between Illusion and Reality 90Zionism in Nazi Jewish Policy, 1934-1938 106State AGencies and Zionism 106The Police and Zionism 111A Jewish State 126The SS and Zionism, 1938 134German Zionism, 1934-1938: Confrontation with Reality 145Optimism and Expansion 145Economic Decline 156Communal Relations 163Disintegration and Isolation 174Revisionist Zionism in Germany, 1934-1938 181Unity Shattered 181The State Zionist Organization 185State Zionists, the ZVfD, and the Nazi Regime 189Zionist Occupational Retraining and Nazi Jewish Policy 207Jewish Occupational Retraining Programs 207Nazi Policy and Jewish Occupational Retraining 228From Dissolution to Final Solution 2451938: Radicalization and Continuity 245Emigration Continued 257Zionism and Palestine 265Resettlement, Emigration, Genocide 278Conclusions 283Bibliography 293Index 309