Bio-Applications of Nanoparticles, Vol. 620
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In this edited book, we highlight the central players in the Bionanotechnology field, which are the nanostructures and biomolecules. The book starts by describing how nanostructures are synthesized and by describing the wide variety of nanostructures available for biological research and applications. Also shown are the techniques used to synthesize a wide variety of biological molecules. Next, there is a focus on the assembly of nanostructures with biological molecules, which could lead to the design of multi-functional nanosystems. In the following chapters, examples of the unique properties of nanostructures are provided along with the current applications of these nanostructures in biology and medicine. Some applications include the use of gold nanoparticles in diagnostic applications, quantum dots and silica nanoparticles for imaging, and liposomes for drug delivery. In the final chapters of the book, the toxicity of nanostructures are described. This book provides broad examples of current developments in Bionanotechnology research and would be an excellent introduction to the field.
Nanostructure and Biomolecule SynthesisPreface viiSynthetic Strategies to Size and Shape Controlled Nanocrystals and Nanocrystal Heterostructures P. Davide Cozzoli Liberato Manna 1Introduction 1Colloidal Approaches: A Few General Concepts 3Size Control 3Shape Control 4Hybrid Nanocrystals 8Core-Shell Nanocrystals 10Nanocrystal Hetero-Oligomers 12Hybrid Nanocrystals Based on Rod-Like Sections 14Conclusions 14Current Approaches for Engineering Proteins with Diverse Biological Properties Isaac T.S. Li Elizabeth Pham Kevin Truong 18Introduction 18Random Mutagenesis 18Site-Directed Mutagenesis 20Non-Canonical Amino Acid Substitution 21DNA Recombination 23Directed Evolution 25Fusion Proteins 27Circular Permutation 27Conclusions and Perspectives 29Applications of NanostructuresPast, Present, and Future of Gold Nanoparticles Travis Jennings Geoffrey Strouse 34Introduction to Gold Nanoparticles 34Synthetic Routes of Materials Synthesis 35Optical and Electronic Properties 37Practical Uses of Gold Nanomaterials 45Conclusions 46Multi-Functional Gold Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery Gang Han Partha Ghosh Vincent M. Rotello 48Introduction 48Gold Nanoparticles as Nucleic Acid Delivery Vehicles 49Protein and Peptide Delivery Using Gold Nanoparticles 50Controlled Drug Release by Gold Nanoparticles 51Targeted Drug Delivery 54Conclusions 55Quantum Dots for Cancer Molecular Imaging Xiaohu Gao Shivang R. Dave 57Introduction 57Quantum Dot Photophysics and Chemistry 58Cancer Diagnostics with Quantum Dots 63Toxicity and Clinical Potential 70Conclusion 70Carbon Nanostructures as a New High-Performance Platform for MR Molecular Imaging Keith B. Hartman Lon J. Wilson 74Introduction 74A Primer in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) 75Fullerene(C[subscript 60])-Based Contrast Agents 76Nanotube-Based Contrast Agents 77Molecular Targeting of Carbon Nanostructures 80Fullerene-Antibody Conjugates 81Closing Remarks 82Magnetic Nanoparticle Assisted Molecular Mr Imaging Young-wook Jun Jung-tak Jang Jinwoo Cheon 85Introduction 85Recent Developments in the Synthesis of Magnetic Nanoparticle Probes 88Molecular MR Imaging Utilizing Iron Oxide Nanoparticle Probes 94Outlook 102Patterning Metallic Nanoparticles by DNA Scaffolds Rahul Chhabra Jaswinder Sharma Yan Liu Hao Yan 107Introduction 107DNA: As a Polymer 107Assembling AuNPs Using DNA Template-An Electrostatic Approach 110Self-Assembly of AuNPs on DNA Scaffold Using Covalent Au-DNA Conjugates 110One Dimensional AuNP Ensembles Templated by DNA 112Two Dimensional Arrays of AuNPs Using DNA as a Scaffold 113Conclusions 115Liposomes in Biology and Medicine Reto A. Schwendener 117State of the Art of Nanosized Drug Delivery Systems 117Evolution of Liposomes in Cancer Therapy 119Outlook and Future Directions 125Fluorescent Nanoparticle for Bacteria and DNA Detection Wenjun Zhao Lin Wang Weihong Tan 129Introduction 129NP Preparation and Bioconjugation 130Bioconjugated NPs for Bacteria Detection 131High-Throughput and Quantitative Detection of Bacteria 132Detection of Bacteria from Beef Samples 133Using Bioconjugated NPs to Detect DNA 133Challenges and Trends 134Dendrimer 101 Lajos P. Balogh 136Brief History and Definitions 136Synthesis of Commercial Dendrimers 140Structural Diversities of Molecules in Dendrimer Materials 141Dendritic Properties 144Low Generation Dendrimer Molecules (LGD) 144High Generation Dendrimer Molecules (HGD) 146Medium Generation Dendrimer Molecules (MGD) 146Properties of Molecules; Good Solvent-Bad Solvent 148Protonation of Polyionic Dendrimers Results in Nanophase-Separation as a Function of pH 148Physical Properties of Dendrimer Materials 148Conclusions 152Toxicity of NanostructuresQuantum Dots and Other Fluorescent Nanoparticles: Quo Vadis in the Cell? Dusica Maysinger Jasmina Lovric 156Introduction 156Fluorescent Nanoparticles 156Nanoparticles as Potential Hazards 161Nanoparticles; Prospects 164Toxicity Studies of Fullerenes and Derivatives Jelena Kolosnjaj Henri Szwarc Fathi Moussa 168Introduction 168Physical Properties 170Toxicity Studies of Pristine C[subscript 60] 170Toxicity Studies of Noncovalently Modified C[subscript 60] 174Toxicity of Covalently Modified C[subscript 60] 176Conclusion 177Toxicity Studies of Carbon Nanotubes Jelena Kolosnjaj Henri Szwarc Fathi Moussa 181Introduction 181General Properties 181In Vitro Toxicity Studies on Pristine CNT 184In Vivo Toxicity Studies 196Conclusion 200Index 205
