Bioclimatology and Natural Hazards
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Anthropogenic influences to the earth's system, including the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, cryosphere and lithosphere, represent a serious challenge to our planet's ecosystems and natural environments. Bioclimatology, hydrology, bio-hydrology and eco-physiology are important scientific research areas with wide application to environmental protection, forestry, agriculture and water management, and protection against natural hazards including droughts, floods, windstorms, weather extremes, and wild fires. Bioclimatology helps to better understand the causes and impacts of natural hazards and how to prevent them. Improved knowledge of natural hazards is a vital prerequisite for the implementation of integrated resource management. It provides a useful framework for combating current climate variability and for adapting to ongoing climate change.This book presents research on the interactions between meteorological, climatological, hydrological and biological processes in the atmospheric and terrestrial environment. It highlights a spectrum of topics associated with climate change and weather extremes and their impact on different economic sectors. The contributing authors come from renowned scientific research institutions and universities and specialise in issues of climate change, soil-plant-atmosphere interactions, hydrologic cycle, ecosystems, biosphere, and natural hazards.
Part I Extreme Events, Risks and Climate VariabilityWhat Climate Can We Expect in Central/Eastern Europe by 2071-2100? J. Bartholy R. Pongrácz Gy. Gelybó A. Kern 3Detected and Expected Trends of Extreme Climate Indices for the Carpathian Basin R. Pongrácz J. Bartholy Gy. Gelybó P. Szabó 15Precipitation Trend Analysis for Central Eastern Germany 1851-2006 S. Häet;nsel S. Petzold J. Matschullat 29Some Facts on Extreme Weather Events Analysis in Slovakia M. Lapin I. Damborská P. Fas&scheck;ko L. Gaál M. Melo 39Wind Risk Assessment in Urban Environments: The Case of Falling Trees During Windstorm Events in Lisbon A. Lopes S. Oliveira M. Fragoso J.A. Andrade P. Pedro 55Ozone Air Pollution in Extreme Weather Situation - Environmental Risk in Mountain Ecosystems S. Bi&ccheck;árová P. Fleischer 75Part II Drought, Floods and Ecosystem ResponsesPhysiological Drought - How to Quantify it? V. Novák 89Occurrence of Dry and Wet Periods in Altitudinal Vegetation Stages of West Carpathians in Slovakia: Time-Series Analysis 1951-2005 J. &Scheck;kvarenina J. Tomlain J. Hrvo&lprime; J. &Scheck;kvareninová 97Thermodynamics, Irreversibility, and Optimality in Land Surface Hydrology A. Kleidon S. Schymanski M. Stieglitz 107Winter Snow Supply in Small Mountain Watershed as a Potential Hazard of Spring Flood Formation M. Hribik A. Majlingova J. Skvarenina D. Kyselova 119Mapping of Gumbel Extreme Value Distribution Parameters for Estimation of Design Precipitation Totals at Ungauged Sites S. Kohnova J. Parajka J. Szolgay K. Hlavcova 129Flood Prevention and Nature Conservation -Interdisciplinary Evaluation of Land Use Scenarios for an Agricultural Landscape E. Richert S. Bianchin H. Heilmeier M. Merta Ch. Seidler 137Part III Forest Bioclimatology, Natural Hazards and ModellingRisk Assessment of the Tatra Mountains Forest P. Fleischer M. Koren J. Skvarenina V. Kunca 145Modeling Natural Disturbances in Tree Growth Model SIBYLA M. Fabrika T. Vaculciak 155Insect Pests as Climate Change Driven Disturbances in Forest Ecosystems T. Hlasny M. Turcani 165Genetic Background of Response of Trees to Aridification at the Xeric Forest Limit and Consequences for Bioclimatic Modelling Cs. Mátyás L. Nagy E. Ujvari Jarmay 179Seasonal Changes in Transpiration and Soil Water Content in a Spruce Primeval Forest During a Dry Period F. Matejka K. St&rcheck;elcová T. Hurtalová E. Gomoryova L. Ditmarova 197Assessment of Water Deficiency in Forest Ecosystems: Can a Simple Model of Forest Water Balance Produce Reliable Results? P. Balá&zcheck; K. St&rcheck;elcova M. Blazenec R. Pokorny Z. Klimankova 207Forest Fire Vulnerability Analysis J. Tucek A. Majlingov 219The Paradigm of Risk and Measuring the Vulnerability of Forest by Natural Hazards J. Holecy 231Part IV Soil and Agriculture Bioclimatology, Natural Hazards and ResponsesResponses of Soil Microbial Activity and Functional Diversity to Disturbance Events in the Tatra National Park (Slovakia) E. Gmöet;ryová K. St&rcheck;elcová J. Skvarenina J. Bebej D. Gomry 251Capacities of Modelling to Assess Buffer Strip Efficiency to Reduce Soil Loss During Heavy Rainfall Events M. Kandler I. Barlund M. Puustinen C. Seidler 261The Influence of Climate Change on Water Demands for Irrigation of Special Plants and Vegetables in Slovakia V. Barek P. Halaj D. Igaz 271Climate Change Impact on Spring Barley and Winter Wheat Yields on Danubian Lowland J. Taka c B. Si ska 283Emissions from Agricultural Soils as Influenced by Change of Environmental Factors J. Horak B. Siska 289Index 297
