Electricity for the Entertainment Electrician & Technician
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The application of electricity for the theatre or a concert stage is not the same as for a residence or commercial building. Electricity for the Entertainment Electrician & Technician provides you with the fundamentals of theory of electricity as well as the latest guidelines and tips for how to stay safe, current and meet the needs of the entertainment industry. Written by an ETCP (Entertainment Technician Certification Program) trainer this reference supports practicing technicians and provides new technicians the assistance needed for a successful career in the entertainment industry.
Preface xiiiAcknowledgments xvIntroduction xviiWhat Is an Entertainment Electrician? xviiTechnology Moves On xviiiKeeping Up with Technology xixOverview xxElectricity Kills, But It Doesn't Have To xxiiiChapter 1 The Theory of Electricity 1What Is Electricity? 1Electrons in Motion 2The Atom 2Subatomic Particles 3Electrostatic Charges 3Electronic Drift 5Conductive Properties of Materials 6Current Convention 8Summary 9Understanding Electricity 9Chapter 2 Electrical Concepts 11Pulling Back the Veil of Mystery 11Voltage 11Current 12Resistance 13Power 13Energy 14SI Units of Measure: Amperes, Volts, Ohms, Siemens, Joules, Watts 15The Ampere 15The Volt 16The Ohm 16The Siemens 16The Joule 18The Watt 18Conservation of Energy 20Understanding Electrical Concepts 20Chapter 3 DC Electricity 21The DC Circuit 23Ohm's Law 24DC Power 26Understanding DC Electricity 29Chapter 4 AC Electricity 31Magnetism 31Electromagnetism 33Magnetic Induction 35Faraday's Law of Induction 35Fleming's Right-Hand Rule 37The AC Generator 38Exercise Your Knowledge of Sinewaves 42Frequency 45The Sinewave 46RMS Value 47True RMS Meters 49Understanding AC Electricity 55Chapter 5 Circuit Elements 59Series Resistance 60Parallel Resistance 61Series/Parallel Resistance 63Real-World Resistance 64Impedance 65Reactance 65Inductors 65Capacitors 68Phase Angles 71Complex Impedance 72Transformers 75Understanding Circuit Elements 78Chapter 6 AC Power 83AC Power Formula 85Power Factor 85Power Factor Correction 86Complex Power87Three-Phase Power 89Three-Phase Power Calculations 91Understanding AC Power 93Chapter 7 Electrical Safety 95Electric Shock 95Effects of Electrical Current 96Arc Flash and Arc Blast 97Lockout/Tagout 100Drugs and Alcohol 102Understanding Electrical Safety 102Chapter 8 Grounding/Earthing 105The Complete Circuit 105Earthing/Grounding 106Zero-Volt Reference 106Voltage Stability 108Safety Grounding 108Grounded Versus Grounding Versus Bonding 110Uni-Grounding Versus Multi-Grounding 110Ground Loops 111Balanced Power Systems 112Technical Earth/Technical Ground 114Understanding Grounding Concepts 114Chapter 9 Overcurrent and Undercurrent Protection 117Fuses 117Circuit Breakers 121Circuit Breaker Ratings 125Residual Current Devices 125Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters 126Class A GFCIs 128Understanding Overcurrent and Undercurrent Protection 129Chapter 10 Power Distribution Systems 131Three-Phase Four-Wire Plus Ground Wye or Star 132Three-Phase Four-Wire Delta (High Leg Delta) 137Single-Phase Three-Wire Earthed Midpoint 137Single-Phase Three-Wire Earthed End of Phase 139Color Codes 139Balancing Three-Phase Loads 140Understanding Power Distribution Systems 142Chapter 11 Dimming Systems 147Phase-Control Dimming 147Reverse Phase-Control Dimming 151Third-Order Harmonics 152Sinewave Dimming 156Feeder Transformers for Non-Linear Loads 157K-Rated Transformers 158Harmonic Mitigating Transformers 159Harmonic Suppression Systems 161Understanding Dimming Systems 162Chapter 12 Best Practices, Codes, and Regulations 165Tying In 166Single-Core Conductors, Feeder Cable, and Tails 169Single-Pole Connectors 173Neutral Conductor Sizing 182Portable Power Distribution Systems 184Branch Circuits or Final Circuits 187Breakouts or Spiders 191Stage Pin Connectors 194NEMA Connectors 194PowerCon 19615-Amp Plugs 198CEE-Form Connectors 198IEC Connectors 198Schuko Connectors 199Understanding Best Practices, Codes, and Regulations 200Epilogue 203Appendix 1 Useful Formulas 207Appendix 2 Conversion Factors 209Appendix 3 Energy Conversion Factors 211Appendix 4 Scientific, Exponential, and Engineering Notation 213Appendix 5 Answers to Practice Problems 215References 239Index 241
