Language, Culture, and Communication: The Meaning of Messages
Using data from cultures and languages throughout the world to highlight both similarities and differences in human languages—this text explores the many interconnections among language, culture, and communicative meaning. It examines the multi-faceted meanings and uses of language and emphasizes the ways that language encapsulates speakers' meanings and intentions.
Search in google:
Using data from cultures and languages throughout the world to highlight both similarities and differences in human languages—this text explores the many interconnections among language, culture, and communicative meaning. It examines the multi-faceted meanings and uses of language and emphasizes the ways that language encapsulates speakers' meanings and intentions.
AcknowledgmentsCh. 1Introduction1References5Ch. 2The Form of the Message6Phonology: The Sounds of Language6Morphology: The Structure of Words17Syntax: The Structure of Sentences25Semantics: The Analysis of Meaning29Manual Language32Nonverbal Communication37Summary50References50Ch. 3Language and Cultural Meaning52Foundations of Ethnolinguistics53Lexical and Cultural Categories57Cultural Presupposition69Extended and Transferred Meaning72Summary82References82Ch. 4Contextual Components: Outline of an Ethnography of Communication84Ethnography of Communication84Settings87Participants88Topics and Goals98Speech Acts101Routines103Summary110References111Ch. 5Communicative Interactions112Structural Properties of Conversation112Conversational Postulates118Directives122Politeness131Summary143References143Ch. 6Societal Segmentation and Linguistic Variation: Class and Race145Social Stratification145Caste146Class147Race167Summary181References181Ch. 7Language and Gender: English and English Speakers183Pronunciation184Grammatical Variants191Lexical Choices196Gender-Related Conversational Styles198Gender Bias in English204Summary212References213Ch. 8Cross-Cultural Studies of Language and Gender215Gender-Exclusive Patterns215Linguistic and Stylistic Preferences221Images of Gender in Linguistic Form234Summary239References240Ch. 9Language Learning242Acquisition of Language243Complex Grammars248Comparative Evidence259Some Universal Sequences266Instructional Strategies268Summary273References273Ch. 10Acquisition of Communicative Competence276Acquiring Communicative Styles276Learning Status and Role283Learning to Converse292Summary301References301Ch. 11Multilingual Nations303India304Canada311The United States321Summary338References338Ch. 12Bilingual Communities341Linguistic Change342Language Use in Bilingual Communities346Bilingual Conversational Strategies352Interethnic Miscommunication360Summary365References365Ch. 13Language and Institutional Encounters367Language and Status367Institutional Contexts370Education371Medical Encounters375Legal Settings380The Media386Summary389References390Glossary392Index398
