The Glass Ceiling in the 21st Century: Understanding Barriers to Gender Equality
"Since the term glass ceiling was first coined, women have made great progress in achieving leadership equality with men in the workplace. Despite this, women are still underrepresented in the upper echelons of organizations." In this volume, leading psychologists from the United States, Canada, and the European Union go beyond social commentary, anecdotal evidence, and raw statistics to explain and offer remedies, based on empirical evidence, for this persisting inequality. Subtle barriers...
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"Since the term glass ceiling was first coined, women have made great progress in achieving leadership equality with men in the workplace. Despite this, women are still underrepresented in the upper echelons of organizations." In this volume, leading psychologists from the United States, Canada, and the European Union go beyond social commentary, anecdotal evidence, and raw statistics to explain and offer remedies, based on empirical evidence, for this persisting inequality. Subtle barriers to women's advancement to and success in leadership positions are a major focus; for example, women are regularly recruited for upper-level positions that are associated with a high risk of failure, and female managers are stereotyped as either competent or warm - but not both. Other obstacles associated with encountering or breaking through the glass ceiling include more nuanced forms of gender stereotyping, tokenism, and sexual harassment. The somewhat surprising effects of affirmative action and family-friendly policies are also examined.
Ch. 1 Introduction: Is the Glass Ceiling Still Relevant in the 21st Century? Manuela Barreto Barreto, Manuela Michelle K. Ryan Ryan, Michelle K. Michael T. Schmitt Schmitt, Michael T. 3I Developments in Workplace Gender Equality 19Ch. 2 Stereotypes About Women, Men, and Leaders: Have Times Changed? Alice H. Eagly Eagly, Alice H. Sabine Sczesny Sczesny, Sabine 21Ch. 3 Rose-Colored Glasses: How Tokenism and Comparisons With the Past Reduce the Visibility of Gender Inequality Michael T. Schmitt Schmitt, Michael T. Jennifer R. Spoor Spoor, Jennifer R. Kelly Danaher Danaher, Kelly Nyla R. Branscombe Branscombe, Nyla R. 49Ch. 4 Warmth, Competence, and Ambivalent Sexism: Vertical Assault and Collateral Damage Mina Cikara Cikara, Mina Susan T. Fiske Fiske, Susan T. 73II Responses to Subtle Barriers Women Face 97Ch. 5 The Self-Fulfilling Effects of Contemporary Sexism: How It Affects Women's Well-Being and Behavior Manuela Barreto Barreto, Manuela Naomi Ellemers Ellemers, Naomi Sezgin Cihangir Cihangir, Sezgin Katherine Stroebe Stroebe, Katherine 99Ch. 6 The Effects of Gender Stereotypes on Women's Career Choice: Opening the Glass Door Shen Zhang Shen, Zhang Toni Schmader Schmader, Toni Chad Forbes Forbes, Chad 125III Gendered Experience in the Workplace 151Ch. 7 The Stress of Working on the Edge: Implications of Glass Cliffs for Both Women and Organizations Michelle K. Ryan Ryan, Michelle K. S. Alexander Haslam Haslam, S. Alexander Mette D. Hersby Hersby, Mette D. Clara Kulich Kulich, Clara M. Dana Wilson-Kovacs Wilson-Kovacs, M. Dana 153Ch. 8 Sexual Harassment and the Glass Ceiling Margaret S. Stockdale Stockdale, Margaret S. GargiBhattacharya Bhattacharya, Gargi 171Ch. 9 Ceilings and Walls: Work-Life and "Family-Friendly" Policies Laura Sabattini Sabattini, Laura Faye J. Crosby Crosby, Faye J. 201IV Solutions: Advancing Women's Equality in the Workplace 225Ch. 10 Cross-Cultural Connections: Leveraging Social Networks for Women's Advancement Laurie Hunt Hunt, Laurie Gina LaRoche LaRoche, Gina Stacy Blake-Beard Blake-Beard, Stacy Eleanor Chin Chin, Eleanor Marisol Arroyave Arroyave, Marisol Maureen Scully Scully, Maureen 227Ch. 11 Increasing the Representation and Status of Women in Employment: The Effectiveness of Affirmative Action Aarti Iyer Iyer, Aarti 257Ch. 12 Managing Diversity in Work Groups: How Identity Processes Affect Diverse Work Groups Floor Rink Rink, Floor Naomi Ellemers Ellemers, Naomi 281Author Index 305Subject Index 321
