The Legacy of Jihad: Islamic Holy War and the Fate of Non-Muslims
This book reveals how, for well over a millennium and across three continents - Asia, Africa, and Europe - non-Muslims who were vanquished by jihad wars became forced tributaries (called dhimmi in Arabic) in lieu of being slain. Under the dhimmi religious caste system, non-Muslims were subjected to legal and financial oppression, as well as social isolation. Extensive primary and secondary source materials, many translated here for the first time into English, are presented, making clear that...
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The Legacy of Jihad reveals how, for well over a millennium, across three continents-Asia, Africa, and Europe-non-Muslims who were vanquished by jihad wars, became forced tributaries (called dhimmi in Arabic), in lieu of being slain. Under the dhimmi religious caste system, non-Muslims were subjected to legal and financial oppression, as well as social isolation. Extensive primary and secondary source materials, many translated here for the first time into English, are presented, making clear that jihad conquests were brutal, imperialist advances, which spurred waves of Muslims to expropriate a vast expanse of lands and subdue millions of indigenous peoples. Finally, the book examines how jihad war, as a permanent and uniquely Islamic institution, ultimately regulates the relations of Muslims with non-Muslims to this day. Scholars, educators, and interested lay readers will find this collection an invaluable resource. Middle East Journal [P]rovides a comprehensive history of jihad.
Preface to the Paperback Edition iAcknowledgments 13Introductory Quotes 15A Note on the Cover Art 17Foreword Ibn Warraq 20Jihad Conquests and the Imposition of Dhimmitude-A SurveyJihad Conquests and the Imposition of Dhimmitude-A Survey 24Jihad in the Qur'an and HadithJihad in the Qur'an 125Classical and Modern Qur'anic Commentators on Qur'an 9:29 127Jihad in the Hadith 136Muslim Theologians and Jurists on Jihad: Classical WritingsMuwatta Malik b. Annas 141[Untitled] Ibn Abi Zayd al-Qayrawani 146Bidayat al-Mudjtahid Averroes 147The Muqaddimah Ibn Khaldun 161Legal War Ibn Qudama 162al-Siyasa al-shariyya Ibn Tamiyya 165Kitab al-Kharaj Abu Yusuf 174Siyar Shaybani 182The Hidayah$dSheikh Burhanuddin Ali of Marghinan 184al-Imam Muhammad ibn Idris al-Shaf'i's al-Risala fi us ul al-fiqh Al-Shaf'i 186al-Ahkam as-Sultaniyyah Al-Mawardi 190Fatawa-iJahandari Ziauddin Barani 196Kitab al-Wagiz fi fiqh madhab al-imam al-Safi'i Al-Ghazali 199[Untitled] Sirhindi 200[Untitled] Shah Wali-Allah 202Shara'i'u 'l-Islam Al-Hilli 205Jami'-i 'Abbasi: Yakdawrah-i fiqh-i Muhammad al-Amili 213Risala-yi Sawa'iq al-Yahud Muhammad Al-Majlisi 2161915 Ottoman Fatwa Sheikh Shawish 221[Untitled] Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini 226Jihad in the Cause of God Sayyid Qutb 230[Untitled] Yusuf al-Qaradawi 248Jihad-Overviews from Important Twentieth-Century ScholarsThe Jihad or Holy War according to the Malikite School Edmond Fagnan 251The Holy War according to Ibn Hazm of Cordova Roger Arnaldez 267The Law of War Clement Huart 282Jihad W. R. W. Gardner 293Classification of Persons Nicolas P. Aghnides 301The Law of War: The Jihad Majid Khadduri 305Jihad: An Introduction Rudolph Peters 320War and Peace in Islam Bassam Tibi 326Jihad and the Ideology of Enslavement John Ralph Willis 343The Influence of Islam Jacques Ellul 354Jihad, Seventh Through Eleventh Centuries: Summary Text 368Jihad in the Near East, Europe, and Asia Minor and on the Indian SubcontinentGreek Christian and Other Accounts of the Muslim Conquests of the Near East Demetrios Constantelos 383The Armenian Rebellion of 703 against the Caliphate Aram Ter-Ghevondian 405The Days of Razzia and Invasion C. E. Dufourcq 419Muslims Invade India K. S. Lal 433Jihad under the Turks and Jihad under the Mughals K. S. Lal 456Certain Phases of the Conquest of the Balkan Peoples by the Turks Dimitar Angelov 462A Modern Jihad Genocide Andrew G. Bostom 518Textbook Jihad in Egypt Andrew G. Bostom 525Jihad SlaveryThe Origins of Muslim Slave System K. S. Lal 529Slave-Taking during Muslim Rule K. S. Lal 535Enslavement of Hindus by Arab and Turkish Invaders K. S. Lal 549The Impact of Devshirme on Greek Society Vasiliki Papoulia 555The Role of Slaves in Fifteenth-Century Turkish Romania M.-M. Alexandrescu-Dersca Bulgaru 566My Career Redeeming Slaves John Eibner 573Muslim and Non-Muslim Chronicles and Eyewitness Accounts of Jihad CampaignsJihad Campaigns in the Middle East, North Africa, Spain, Asia Minor, Georgia, and Persia-Seventh through Seventeenth Centuries 589Egypt, Palestine, Tripolitania (640-646)IraqIraq, Syria, and PalestineArmenia (642)Cyprus, the Greek Islands, and Anatolia (649-654)Cilicia and Cesarea of Cappadocia (650)Cappadocia, under the Caliphs Sulayman and Umar II (715-720)Spain and France (793-860)Anatolia-The Taking of Amorium (838)Armenia-Under the Caliph al-Mutawakkil (847-861)Sicily and Italy (835-851 and 884)Jihad Capture and Pillage of Thessaloniki in 904 CEMesopotamia-Causes of the Invasions by the Turks (Eleventh Century)Mesopotamia-Pillage of Melitene (Malatia) (1057)Armenia, Anatolia, and Georgia (Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries)Syria and Palestine (Eleventh Century)Jihad Destruction of Edessa in 1144-1146 CEJihad in North Africa and Spain under the Almohads (Mid-Twelfth Century)Jihad Conquest of Thessaloniki (1430 CE)Jihad Conquest of Constantinople (1453 CE)Jihad Conquest of Methone (Greece) (1499)Jihad Campaigns in Georgia of Safavid Ruler Shah Tahmasp (d. 1576) (1540, 1546, 1551, and 1553 CE)Deportation of the Population of Armenia by Shah Abbas I (1604)Jihad on the Indian Subcontinent-Seventh through Twentieth Centuries 628Campaigns in Sind (711-712 CE) led by Muhammad bin QasimJihad by Yaqub Ibn Layth against the Hindu Kingdom of Kabul, (870 CE)Campaigns of Subuktigin of Ghazni (977-997 CE)Mahmud of Ghazni's Conquest of Thanesar, Kanauj, and Sirsawa, near Saharanpur (1018-1019 CE)An Almost Contemporary Account of Mahmud's Invasions of IndiaThe Conquest of Somnat Mahmud bin Subuktigin (1025 CE)The Conquest of Ajmer by Muhammad Ghauri (1192 CE)Jihad Campaigns of Alauddin Khilji (1296-1316 CE)Muslim Devastation of Buddhist Temples and Plight of the Buddhist Community in Northern India (Bihar) (Early Thirteenth Century CE)Jihad Campaigns at the End of the Thirteenth Century and First Three Decades of the Fourteenth Century, from the Hindu Chronicle Kanhadade PrabandhaBrutality of Sultan of Ma'bar (Ghayasuddin) Witnessed by Ibn Battuta (C.1345 CE)The Jihad Campaigns of Amir Timur (1397-1399 CE)Jihad Campaigns of Babur (1519-1530 CE)Jihad against Vijayanagara by Sultan Adil Shahi of Bijapur and His Allies (1565 CE)Jihad Campaigns of Ahmad Shah Abdali [Durrani] (1757, 1760, and 1761 CE)Jihad in Southern India (the Malabar District): The Moplah "Rebellion" (1921)Jihad Slavery in the Sudan-Late Nineteenth Century 660Ottoman Massacres of the Bulgarians in 1876 664Jihad Genocide of the Armenians by the Ottoman Turks 667Two Accounts of the Massacres of 1894-1896Two Eyewitness Accounts of the Plight of the Armenians during World War ITowns and Villages Ravaged during the Seljuk-Ottoman Jihad in Asia Minor, Eleventh through Fifteenth Centuries 675Jihad Slave Raids (Razzias) by the Tatars, Mid-Fifteenth through Late Seventeenth Centuries 679Muslim Jurists, Theologians, and Historians 682Non-Muslim Historians, Authors, and Islamic Scholars 689Major Contributors 692Bibliography 697Index of Persons, Peoples, Tribes, and Institutions 723Index of Places 745
\ From the Publisher"[P]rovides a comprehensive history of jihad." \ - Middle East Journal\ "[A]n impressive compendium that meticulously documents the terror that is jihad.…an unparalleled documentary history of nearly 14 centuries of jihad, and of the non-Muslims who have been subjugated as a result of that relentless campaign. His account is a sober warning of the mortal challenge posed to free societies by the ongoing jihad of the militants."\ - National Review\ \ \ \ \ \ Middle East Journal[P]rovides a comprehensive history of jihad.\ \ \ National Review[A]n impressive compendium that meticulously documents the terror that is jihad..an unparalleled documentary history of nearly 14 centuries of jihad, and of the non-Muslims who have been subjugated as a result of that relentless campaign. His account is a sober warning of the mortal challenge posed to free societies by the ongoing jihad of the militants.\ \
