Introduction to Nanoelectronics: Science, Nanotechnology, Engineering and Applications
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Comprehensive textbook on nanoelectronics covering the underlying physics, nanostructures, nanomaterials and nanodevices.
Preface viiList of notation xiiToward the nanoscale 1Particles and waves 11Introduction 11Classical particles 11Classical waves 13Wave-particle duality 23Closing remarks 28Problems 29Wave mechanics 33Introduction 33The Schrodinger wave equation 33Wave mechanics of particles: selected examples 38Atoms and atomic orbitals 55Closing remarks 62Problems 63Materials for nanoelectronics 65Introduction 65Semiconductors 66Crystal lattices: bonding in crystals 68Electron energy bands 73Semiconductor heterostructures 84Lattice-matched and pseudomorphic heterostructures 87Organic semiconductors 95Carbon nanomaterials: nanotubes and fullerenes 98Closing remarks 104Problems 107Growth, fabrication, and measurement techniques for nanostructures 109Introduction 109Bulk crystal and heterostructure growth 110Nanolithography, etching, and other means for fabrication of nanostructures and nanodevices 115Techniques for characterization of nanostructures 120Spontaneous formation and ordering of nanostructures 127Clusters and nanocrystals 134Methods of nanotube growth 136Chemical and biological methods for nanoscale fabrication 141Fabrication of nanoelectromechanical systems 157Closing remarks 161Problems 163Electron transport in semiconductors and nanostructures 165Introduction 165Time and length scales of the electrons in solids 165Statistics of the electrons in solids and nanostructures 172The density of states of electrons in nanostructures 180Electron transport in nanostructures 183Closing remarks 213Problems 215Electrons in traditional low-dimensional structures 218Introduction 218Electrons in quantum wells 218Electrons in quantum wires 228Electrons in quantum dots 231Closing remarks 237Problems 238Nanostructure devices 242Introduction 242Resonant-tunneling diodes 242Field-effect transistors 255Single-electron-transfer devices 269Potential-effect transistors 276Light-emitting diodes and lasers 284Nanoelectromechanical system devices 306Quantum-dot cellular automata 317Closing remarks 321Tables of units 323Index 325
